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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (30): 34-45.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0519

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于沙土不同土壤含水量的南疆棉田“干播湿出”出苗水调控研究

罗单1(), 杨健1, 马辉1(), 阿布都艾尼·阿布都维力1, 周仑1, 汤秋香2(), 欧欢1, 李星星1, 艾麦尔江·阿布力提甫1, 李金鸿1, 付永强1, 阿孜古丽·阿布力孜1   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心, 新疆阿克苏 843000
    2 新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25 修回日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-04
  • 通讯作者:
    马辉,女,1979年出生,新疆昌吉人,正高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事棉花新品种、新技术的试验、示范、推广。通信地址:843000 阿克苏市柯柯牙北路3号 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心,Tel:0997-2136513,E-mail:
    汤秋香,女,1980年出生,河南开封人,教授,博士,主要从事农田生态环境、作物高产栽培及高效生理机制和耕作制度研究。通信地址:830052 新疆乌鲁木齐沙依巴克区农大东路311号,Tel:0991-8793701,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    罗单,女,1996年出生,新疆阿拉尔人,硕士,研究方向:农作物高产高效栽培技术。通信地址:843000 阿克苏市柯柯牙北路3号 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心,Tel:0997-2136513,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金地州科学基金项目“基于典型质地土壤含水量的南疆棉田‘干播湿出’出苗水调控”(2023D01F33)

Study on Regulation of Emergence Water of ‘Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence’ in Cotton Field of Southern Xinjiang Based on Different Soil Water Content in Sandy Soil

LUO Dan1(), YANG Jian1, MA Hui1(), ABUDUAINI Abuduweili1, ZHOU Lun1, TANG Qiuxiang2(), OU Huan1, LI Xingxing1, AIMAIERJIANG Abulitifu1, LI Jinhong1, FU Yongqiang1, AZIGULI Abulizi1   

  1. 1 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aksu, Xinjiang 843000
    2 College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830091
  • Received:2025-06-25 Revised:2025-10-09 Published:2025-10-25 Online:2025-11-04

摘要:

本研究定量解析南疆沙质土壤“干播湿出”模式下,初始土壤含水量(W1:10%~15%;W2:15%~20%;W3:20%~25%)与出苗水滴水频次(F1:1次;F2:2次;F3:3次)的交互作用对棉花苗期生长(土壤环境、出苗率、幼苗生长及根系发育)的影响机制,旨在通过模糊综合评价筛选最优组合,为干旱区棉花节水灌溉制度优化提供理论支撑。以棉花品种‘J8031’为材料,系统研究不同处理对苗期土壤物理性质、植株生理生态指标及根系发育的影响。结果表明:土壤含水量、滴水频次及其交互作用对棉花苗期的土壤环境、植株生长及根系发育均存在显著影响。随滴水频次增加,土壤板结度显著降低,而各土层土壤电导率(EC)值则显著升高。苗期生长方面,F1处理在各含水量条件下综合表现最优,出苗率达85%~95%;在W2F1组合中株高达24.94 cm,在W1F1组合中茎粗达3.16 mm;且其地上部干物质积累量显著高于F2、F3处理。根系发育方面,根重、根质量密度、根长密度等指标也均以F1处理最高,且在深层土壤中表现出较多的根尖数。基于综合模糊评价,F1处理的综合表现最优(得分最高)。综上,在南疆沙土条件下,“干播湿出”棉田采用单次滴灌(F1)作为出苗水管理方式,可有效促进棉花出苗,并利于苗期植株生长和根系发育。

关键词: 棉花, 干播湿出, 沙土, 土壤含水量, 出苗水调控

Abstract:

Quantitative analysis of the regulation mechanism of drip frequency of emergence water on cotton seedling growth under different water content conditions in the ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ model of sandy soil in southern Xinjiang was conducted, screening the optimal frequency suitable for sandy soil, and providing theoretical support for the optimization of cotton water-saving irrigation system in arid areas. ‘J8031’ was used as the test variety, and three soil relative water contents (W1: 10%-15%; W2: 15%-20%; W3: 20%-25%) and three drip frequency of emergence water (F1: 1 time; F2: 2 times; F3: 3 times) were set to explore its effects on soil physical properties, physiological and ecological indexes and root development of cotton seedlings. The results showed that soil water content, drip frequency and their interaction had significant effects on soil physical and chemical properties, plant growth and root development of cotton seedlings. With the increase of drip frequency, the soil compaction decreased significantly, while the soil EC value of each soil layer showed the opposite trend. In terms of seedling growth, the comprehensive performance of F1 treatment was the best under each water content condition, the seedling emergence rate was 85%-95%, the plant height was 24.94 cm in W2F1 combination, the stem diameter was 3.16 mm in W1F1 combination, and the dry matter accumulation was significantly higher than that of F2 and F3 treatments. In terms of root development, root weight, root mass density, root length density and other indicators were also the highest in F1 treatment. At the same time, the number of root tips in deep soil was more. The comprehensive fuzzy evaluation showed that the fuzzy comprehensive index of F1 treatment was the largest among the 10 indexes, which was the optimal drip management strategy to promote the emergence, strong seedling and root healthy development of cotton under different soil water contents. Under the condition of sandy soil in southern Xinjiang, the application of one-time seedling water in ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ cotton field can effectively promote the emergence of cotton seedlings and is conducive to the growth and development of seedling stage.

Key words: cotton, dry sowing and wet emergence, sand soil, soil moisture content, regulation of seedling emergence water