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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 186-195.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0712

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

呼和浩特地区苜蓿种植气候适宜性评价与区划研究

梁燕1(), 张岚晶1, 苏利军1(), 温晓东2, 王妮3   

  1. 1 呼和浩特市气象局, 呼和浩特 010020
    2 土默特左旗气象局, 呼和浩特 010020
    3 和林格尔县气象局, 呼和浩特 010020
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-26 修回日期:2025-11-28 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2026-03-18
  • 通讯作者:
    苏利军,男,1982年出生,内蒙古凉城人,正高级工程师,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业气象服务。通信地址:010020 呼和浩特市气象局, E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    梁燕,女,1977年出生,内蒙古呼和浩特人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为气候变化与生态农业气象。通信地址:010020 内蒙古呼和浩特市金桥开发区世纪西街金桥二路 呼和浩特市气象局,Tel:0471-4348050,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区2025年自然科学基金项目“苜蓿刈割晾晒期含水量连续动态监测及干燥机制研究”(2025LHMS04010); “苜蓿标准化生产全程系列化气象服务研究”(2025MS04051); 呼和浩特市科学技术局2025年基础研究与应用基础研究项目“呼和浩特地区苜蓿需水规律及灌溉定额研究”(2025─规─基─77(2025─规─基─77); 中国气象局生态系统碳源汇重点开放实验室开放基金项目“苜蓿生长期光合特性对生态碳汇影响的研究”(ECSS-CMA202414)

Evaluation of Climatic Suitability and Zoning for Alfalfa Cultivation in Hohhot Region

LIANG Yan1(), ZHANG Lanjing1, SU Lijun1(), WEN Xiaodong2, WANG Ni3   

  1. 1 Hohhot Meteorological Bureau, Hohhot 010020
    2 Tumed Left Banner Meteorological Bureau, Hohhot 010020
    3 Helingeer County Meteorological Bureau, Hohhot 010020
  • Received:2025-08-26 Revised:2025-11-28 Published:2026-03-18 Online:2026-03-18

摘要:

针对呼和浩特地区苜蓿种植气候适宜性评估中存在的尺度匹配缺陷、指标协同不足和方法局限性等问题,本研究旨在构建高分辨率气候区划体系,揭示关键气候限制因子,为区域苜蓿产业布局提供科学依据。基于呼和浩特市52个气象站点2017—2024年高分辨率数据及田间观测资料,选取涵盖热量、水分、光照及越冬条件的11项指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)量化因子权重,结合GIS空间分析技术完成气候适宜性综合评价。结果表明:生长期热量条件(权重0.3971)和气象灾害风险(权重0.1706)是主导因子,≥5℃积温和无霜期日数对适宜性贡献率达51.5%;空间分异呈现“南优北限”格局,中南部平原为适宜区(积温>3300℃、≤-30℃日数<2 d),可支持年刈割3~4茬,北部高海拔区因积温不足(<2899℃)和极端低温(≤-30℃日数≥5 d)列为不适宜区;积雪覆盖(≥16 d)可显著缓解北部越冬冻害,收获期连续无降水日数(≥6次)显示中西部晾晒优势。本研究创新性构建了适配市域尺度的苜蓿全生育期气候评价体系,提出“分区施策”生产管理策略:适宜区优先布局规模化种植,较适宜区需防范春季冻害,不适宜区建议转向抗寒品种试验。成果为干旱半干旱区牧草适应性管理提供了可复制的技术范式。

关键词: 苜蓿种植, 气候区划, 层次分析法, 呼和浩特

Abstract:

To address the issues of scale mismatch, insufficient indicator integration, and methodological limitations in assessing the climatic suitability of alfalfa cultivation in Hohhot, this study aims to establish a high-resolution climatic zoning system, identify key climatic constraints, and provide a scientific basis for regional alfalfa industry planning. Based on high-resolution meteorological data (2017-2024) from 52 stations in Hohhot and field observations, 11 indicators encompassing thermal, moisture, light, and overwintering conditions were selected. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was employed to quantify factor weights, and GIS spatial analysis was applied for comprehensive climatic suitability evaluation. The results showed that: (1) growing-season thermal conditions (weight 0.3971) and meteorological disaster risks (weight 0.1706) were the dominant factors, with ≥5℃ accumulated temperature and frost-free period contributing 51.5% to suitability; (2) spatial differentiation exhibited a ‘superior in the south, limited in the north’ pattern, where the central-southern plains were identified as suitable zones (accumulated temperature >3300℃, days with ≤-30℃ <2 d), supporting 3-4 harvests annually, while the northern high-altitude areas were classified as unsuitable due to insufficient accumulated temperature (<2899℃) and extreme cold (days with ≤-30℃ ≥5 d); (3) snow cover (≥16 d) significantly mitigated over wintering damage in the north, and consecutive no precipitation days (≥6 d) during harvest periods highlighted drying advantages in the central-western regions. This study innovatively developed a city-scale climatic evaluation system covering the entire alfalfa growth cycle and proposed strategy of implementing policies by region: prioritized large-scale cultivation in suitable zones, spring frost prevention in moderately suitable zones, and cold-resistant variety trials in unsuitable zones. The findings provide a replicable technical framework for adaptive forage management in arid and semi-arid regions.

Key words: alfalfa cultivation, climatic zoning, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Hohhot