不同规格草鱼对凤眼莲摄食作用的研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在探究不同规格草鱼对凤眼莲的摄食强度及其生长响应，为有效控制凤眼莲的过度繁殖、维持水体生态平衡、实现凤眼莲的资源化利用提供科学支撑。实验选取了50~500 g/尾的10种不同规格草鱼，每组30尾，置于网箱中，仅投喂凤眼莲，养殖周期为120 d，监测草鱼的生长指标、成活率及凤眼莲的营养成分，分析不同规格草鱼的摄食与生长特性。试验水体水质符合渔业养殖标准，凤眼莲含17种氨基酸（必需氨基酸占30.86%）和15种脂肪酸（多不饱和脂肪酸占50.59%），但粗蛋白(11.66%)、粗脂肪(0.91%)含量较低。结果表明，所有规格的草鱼体重均显著增加，全长极显著增长。特别是250 g/尾以上的草鱼，其净增重和摄食量均快速提升，增重率最高达167.11%。草鱼规格越大，饵料系数越低，显示出更高的饲料利用效率。然而，仅投喂凤眼莲的草鱼肥满度低于投喂配合饲料的草鱼，体型瘦长，且小规格草鱼的成活率较低。研究发现，草鱼规格与其对凤眼莲的摄食量呈正相关。当草鱼规格大于200 g/尾时，其对凤眼莲的摄食和利用能力显著增强。因此，适宜规格的草鱼可有效调控凤眼莲的生物量，并发挥其水体净化功能，但凤眼莲更适合作为草鱼的补充饲料，而非唯一的营养来源。

关键词: 草鱼, 凤眼莲, 摄食, 饵料系数, 放养规格

Abstract:

This study investigated the feeding intensity and growth response of different-sized grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) to Eichhornia crassipes, aiming to provide scientific basis for controlling the overgrowth of E. crassipes, maintaining aquatic ecological balance and realizing the resource utilization. Ten size groups of grass carp with body weight ranging from 50 to 500 g/ind were selected. Thirty individuals from each group were reared in net cages and fed exclusively with E. crassipes for a 120-day culture period. The growth indices and survival rate of grass carp, as well as the nutritional composition of E. crassipes, were monitored to analyze the feeding and growth characteristics of grass carp across different body sizes. The water quality of the experimental water body complied with fishery aquaculture standards. E. crassipes contained 17 amino acids, among which essential amino acids accounted for 30.86% of the total amino acid content, and 15 fatty acids, with polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for 50.59% of the total. By contrast, the crude protein and crude lipid contents of E. crassipes were relatively low, at 11.66% and 0.91%, respectively. The body weight of grass carp in all groups increased significantly, and the total length increased extremely significantly. For grass carp with body size above 250 g/ind, the net weight gain and feed intake increased rapidly, with the maximum weight gain rate reaching 167.11%, and the feed conversion ratio decreased with the increase of body size. The condition factor of grass carp fed only with E. crassipes was lower than that of grass carp fed with formulated feed, presenting a slender body shape, and the survival rate of small-sized grass carp was relatively low. The body size of grass carp is positively correlated with the feed intake of E. crassipes. Grass carp with body size above 200 g/ind, have significantly enhanced feeding and utilization capacity for E. crassipes. Grass carp with appropriate body sizes can balance the biomass of E. crassipes and the water purification function of water bodies. E. crassipes is suitable to be used as supplementary feed rather than the sole nutrient source for grass carp.

Key words: grass carp, Eichhornia crassipes, feeding, feed conversion ratio, stocking size

中图分类号:

S94水产保护学

于振海, 卢红, 成慧中, 刘峰, 和飞, 魏元戎, 朱树人. 不同规格草鱼对凤眼莲摄食作用的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(17): 196-201.

YU Zhenhai, LU Hong, CHENG Huizhong, LIU Feng, HE Fei, WEI Yuanrong, ZHU Shuren. Feeding Effects of Different Sized Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) on Eichhornia crassipes[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(17): 196-201.

图/表 8

参考文献 31

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氨基酸	检验结果/%	脂肪酸	检验结果/%
天冬氨酸Asp	22.03	C14:0	2.04
苏氨酸Thr	4.55	C15:0	0.60
丝氨酸Ser	4.73	C16:0	32.70
谷氨酰胺Glu	12.50	C18:0	3.46
甘氨酸Gly	4.87	C20:0	0.50
丙氨酸Ala	5.69	C22:0	0.42
半胱氨酸Cys	4.47	C16:1	2.12
缬氨酸Val	5.27	C18:1	7.25
蛋氨酸Met	2.74	C20:1	0.31
异亮氨酸Ile	2.80	C18:2	21.81
亮氨酸Leu	7.05	C20:2	0.25
酪氨酸Tyr	4.31	C18:3	24.85
苯丙氨酸Phe	3.24	ARA	1.14
赖氨酸Lys	5.21	EPA	2.20
组氨酸His	1.81	DHA	0.34
精氨酸Arg	4.91	-	-
脯氨酸Pro	3.85	-	-

氨基酸	检验结果/%	脂肪酸	检验结果/%
天冬氨酸Asp	22.03	C14:0	2.04
苏氨酸Thr	4.55	C15:0	0.60
丝氨酸Ser	4.73	C16:0	32.70
谷氨酰胺Glu	12.50	C18:0	3.46
甘氨酸Gly	4.87	C20:0	0.50
丙氨酸Ala	5.69	C22:0	0.42
半胱氨酸Cys	4.47	C16:1	2.12
缬氨酸Val	5.27	C18:1	7.25
蛋氨酸Met	2.74	C20:1	0.31
异亮氨酸Ile	2.80	C18:2	21.81
亮氨酸Leu	7.05	C20:2	0.25
酪氨酸Tyr	4.31	C18:3	24.85
苯丙氨酸Phe	3.24	ARA	1.14
赖氨酸Lys	5.21	EPA	2.20
组氨酸His	1.81	DHA	0.34
精氨酸Arg	4.91	-	-
脯氨酸Pro	3.85	-	-

组别	初重/g	末重/g	肥满度（始）	成活率/%	增重率/%	饵料系数	肥满度（末）
1	61.36±2.23	66.26±2.48	1.82	83.33	7.99	116	0.68
2	99.38±3.15	104.78±3.57	1.89	86.67	5.43	114	0.78
3	149.18±4.55	157.98±5.33	1.92	83.33	5.90	111	0.94
4	199.26±6.12	208.66±6.78	1.98	90.00	4.72	108	0.77
5	252.93±6.78	305.11±8.69	2.03	86.67	20.63	105	0.82
6	298.83±8.25	446.14±10.08	2.06	93.33	49.30	102	0.89
7	349.59±9.12	552.35±12.39	2.08	90.00	58.00	99	1.00
8	395.58±10.65	753.89±14.16	1.88	93.33	90.58	97	1.14
9	444.94±10.88	1094.81±20.51	1.90	93.33	146.06	94	1.33
10	497.67±11.36	1329.32±28.75	1.92	96.67	167.11	91	1.54

组别	初重/g	末重/g	肥满度（始）	成活率/%	增重率/%	饵料系数	肥满度（末）
1	61.36±2.23	66.26±2.48	1.82	83.33	7.99	116	0.68
2	99.38±3.15	104.78±3.57	1.89	86.67	5.43	114	0.78
3	149.18±4.55	157.98±5.33	1.92	83.33	5.90	111	0.94
4	199.26±6.12	208.66±6.78	1.98	90.00	4.72	108	0.77
5	252.93±6.78	305.11±8.69	2.03	86.67	20.63	105	0.82
6	298.83±8.25	446.14±10.08	2.06	93.33	49.30	102	0.89
7	349.59±9.12	552.35±12.39	2.08	90.00	58.00	99	1.00
8	395.58±10.65	753.89±14.16	1.88	93.33	90.58	97	1.14
9	444.94±10.88	1094.81±20.51	1.90	93.33	146.06	94	1.33
10	497.67±11.36	1329.32±28.75	1.92	96.67	167.11	91	1.54

方程	y=截距+B₁x+B₂x²
绘图	体质量（始）	体质量（末）
权重	不加权
截距	28.91625±76.73787	849.26477±146.73465
B₁	-12.2591±7.00014	-79.09421±9.20647
B₂	0.94358±0.1547	2.00961±0.13863
残差平方和	647.10209	3188.54146
R²(COD)	0.99673	0.99812
调整后R²	0.99579	0.99758