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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 112-119.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0477

• 农学•农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

国审棉‘新垦M219’主要农艺性状综合评价及丰产稳定性分析

马晓梅(), 李保成, 李雅雯, 周小凤, 王新, 田琴, 董承光()   

  1. 新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所， 新疆石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2026-06-12 修回日期:2026-09-16 出版日期:2026-11-10 发布日期:2026-11-10
  • 通讯作者:
    董承光，男，1978年出生，山西孝义人，研究员，博士，研究方向：棉花遗传育种。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    马晓梅，女，1978年出生，四川绵竹人，研究员，硕士，研究方向：棉花遗传育种，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“油纤饲兼用型棉花新品种选育及高效栽培技术”(2023YFD2301200); 兵团自然科学面上项目“棉花GhMYB306转录因子调控纤维起始发育的分子机制研究”(2024DA017); 新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“早熟广适优质机采棉新品种培育”(2023A02003-4)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Main Agronomic Traits and Analysis of Productivity and Yield Stability of Nationally Approved Cotton Variety ‘Xinken M219’

MA Xiaomei(), LI Baocheng, LI Yawen, ZHOU Xiaofeng, WANG Xin, TIAN Qin, DONG Chengguang()   

  1. Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000
  • Received:2026-06-12 Revised:2026-09-16 Published:2026-11-10 Online:2026-11-10

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摘要：

为综合评价国审棉新品种‘新垦M219’的农艺性状及丰产稳定性，评估其在西北内陆棉区的生产性能及推广价值，采用Microsoft Excel、Origin 2025、SPSS 21.0对2021—2023年区域试验和生产试验数据进行丰产性分析、稳产性评价、相关性分析及通径分析，系统探究‘新垦M219’丰产潜力、稳定表现、适应性及产量构成。结果表明，‘新垦M219’3年平均皮棉产量2618 kg/hm2，较对照‘新陆早61号’增产9.4%，增产点率达93.33%，最高皮棉产量3300 kg/hm2，丰产性突出；高稳系数平均值95.83%，明显优于对照，变异系数12.45%，相对离优度值均处于较低水平，稳产性和适应性优良。主要农艺性状中，衣分变异系数最小(0.75%)，性状稳定性最优；皮棉产量与衣分、单株结铃、霜前花率呈正相关。通径分析显示，衣分对皮棉产量的直接贡献最大（直接通径系数0.649），其次为果枝数(0.279)、霜前花率(0.269)和果枝始节位(0.264)。综上，‘新垦M219’综合表现优良，适宜西北内陆棉区种植，具有较好的推广应用前景。生产中应通过优化栽培措施强化衣分稳定性，协调果枝数与单株结铃的关系，充分发挥其高产潜力。

关键词: ‘新垦M219’, 西北内陆棉区, 农艺性状, 丰产性, 稳产性, 通径分析, 相关性分析

Abstract:

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the agronomic traits, productivity and yield stability of the nationally approved new cotton variety ‘Xinken M219’, so as to assess its production performance and popularization value in the inland cotton region of Northwest China. Microsoft Excel, Origin 2025 and SPSS 21.0 software were used to carry out productivity analysis, yield stability evaluation, correlation analysis and path analysis on the data of regional trials and production trials from 2021 to 2023. The yield potential, stable performance, adaptability and yield components of ‘Xinken M219’ were systematically analyzed. The results showed that three-year average lint yield of ‘Xinken M219’ was 2618 kg/hm2, which was 9.4% higher than that of the control variety ‘Xinluzao 61‘, with a yield-increasing site rate of 93.33% and a maximum lint yield of 3300 kg/hm2, showing prominent productivity performance. Its average high stability coefficient reached 95.83%, significantly superior to the control, with a coefficient of variation of 12.45%. All relative superiority deviation values were kept at low levels, reflecting excellent yield stability and adaptability. Among major agronomic traits, lint percentage had the minimum coefficient of variation (0.75%) and the best trait stability. Lint yield was positively correlated with lint percentage, boll number per plant and pre-frost lint percentage. Path analysis indicated that lint percentage contributed the most directly to lint yield with a direct path coefficient of 0.649, followed by fruit branch number (0.279), pre-frost lint percentage (0.269) and first fruit node position (0.264). In summary, ‘Xinken M219’ has excellent comprehensive performance and is suitable for the ecological environment of the inland cotton region of Northwest China, and has a good prospect of popularization and application. In practical production, optimized cultivation measures should be adopted to improve the stability of lint percentage, balance fruit branch number and boll number per plant, and fully realize its productivity potential.

Key words: ‘Xinken M219’, northwest inland cotton region, agronomic traits, productivity, yield stability, path analysis, correlation analysis

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