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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 80-84.

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同有机无机配比对玉米产量及土壤物理性质的影响

孙文涛 宫亮 包红静 刘艳 孙占祥   

  • 收稿日期:2010-09-16 修回日期:2010-11-17 出版日期:2011-02-05 发布日期:2011-02-05
  • 基金资助:

    农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项;国家科技支撑计划

Effect of Different Ratios of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Improving Maize Yield and Soil Physical Properties

  • Received:2010-09-16 Revised:2010-11-17 Online:2011-02-05 Published:2011-02-05

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摘要：

土壤肥力下降、耕层变浅，是东北平原粮食高产的主要限制因子。因此，研究不同有机物与化肥配合施用对土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响具有现实意义。在辽北棕壤土上，采用田间微区定位的方法进行研究。有机无机配施不仅能够改善土壤的物理性质，还能够增加玉米产量；施用有机物料的各处理较无肥对照处理土壤容重下降了3.05%~9.92%，差异达到显著水平；与单施化肥处理相比，有机物料和化肥配合施用可增产1.64%~8.91%，同时能够增加田间持水量、毛管孔隙度和改善土壤微团聚体结构。在等碳量条件下，玉米秸秆对改善土壤理化性质的效果好于猪粪，化肥配施高量猪粪增产效果最为明显。

关键词: 生物型水稻专用肥, 生物型水稻专用肥, 黑土, 肥料利用率

Abstract:

Decline of soil fertility and shoaling of topsoil are dominant limiting factors for high yield of crop production in northeast plain. So it has practical significance to study the effect of different ratios of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on soil physic properties and maize yield. Micro-plot positioning method was used on long-term located brown soil. The results showed that combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer improved soil physic properties and increased maize yield. Compared to CK treatment without fertilizer application, applying organic fertilizers could decrease bulk density by 3.05%-9.92%, and there was a significant difference between two treatments. Organic manure plus chemical fertilizer increased yield by 1.64%-8.91% than CK treatment that applied only chemical fertilizer, and increased field-moisture capacity and capillary porosity, decreased soil bulk density, and improved soil micro-aggregate structure. Provided the carbon contents were the same, maize straw was better than pig manure, and the treatment with chemical fertilizers plus high ratio of pig manure had significant effect on improving the yield of maize.