Abstract: In order to explore the present situation of water poverty and its evaluation of rural areas in the south of China, this paper took WPI as the basic framework, combined with the characteristics of water resources system in hilly area of southern China rural community, electing 23 indexes from the condition of water resources, water supply facilities, use of water capacity and efficiency and environmental conditions to establish a set of evaluation index of water poverty for southern rural community. At the same time, it adopted the graded scoring method of quantitative data and constructed a comprehensive index assessment model. Meanwhile, the paper evaluated the water poverty level of Lizi Village in Hengyang County, Hunan Province. The results showed that, the WPI numerical of Lizi Village was 58.91, that was to say this village was in a secondary water poverty state. The water poverty was mainly manifested in the lower utilization of water resources and inefficient use, poor environment condition and the relatively backward water supply and conservancy infrastructure etc. The study showed that the natural condition of water resources in south China rural areas of superior were also likely to exist the different degree of water poverty.