Abstract: Taking pepper ‘Longjiao No.5’ cultivated in pot as the material, no fertilizer (CK) and conventional fertilizer (CK1) as contrast, the author studied pepper plant growth, dry matter accumulation and the distribution of dry matter in each organ under different fertilizations: application of high nitrogen controlled-release fertilizer once and application of conventional fertilizer with "basal fertilizer once and top dressing many times", so as to save labor and fertilizer, increase fertilizer use efficiency, and provide a theory for the reasonable application of controlled-release fertilizer in vegetable production. Results showed that, compared with CK, fertilizers could enhance the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry matter of shoot and total plant and root activity. 120 days after being planted, compared with the application of conventional fertilizer (CK1), dry matter accumulation of controlled-release fertilizer applications (T3, T4) was 19.3%-30.5% lower, and the rate of dry matter accumulation was 20.8%-33.5% lower. 120 days after transplant, compared with CK1, dry matter accumulation of T3 and T4 was 3.9%-15.5% higher, and the rate of dry matter accumulation was 60.9%-63.6% higher. The maximum rate of dry matter accumulation was 26-29 days later than that of CK1. Dry matter distribution in root of T3 and T4 was lower than that of CK1 by 8.3%-11.1%, but in the leaves, it was 7.0%-7.2% higher. Therefore, the basal application of controlled-release fertilizer once could benefit later growth of pepper.