Effect of Different Agricultural Wastes Returning to Field on the Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen and Nitrogen Balance of Maize

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020091

Abstract

Abstract: In order to offer theoretical foundation and technical support for the reasonably combined application of agricultural wastes and chemical fertilizer and increase nitrogen use efficiency, the author studied the influence of different returning amounts of straw, cow dung and chicken manure on the accumulation of nitrogen absorption, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen balance of maize, discussed the apparent balance of different agricultural wastes on soil-maize system. Field plot experiments were conducted under same level of nutrient (N 240 kg/hm², P2O5 154 kg/hm² and K2O 197 kg/hm²). The results showed that, compared with the application of chemical fertilizer only, the returning of moderate straw, cow dung and chicken manure could significant increase the accumulation of nitrogen absorption of kernel, stem leaf and plant of maize, and 25% retuning amount of chicken manure N + 75% chemical fertilizer N (treatment S10) could achieve the highest accumulation, which was 129.4, 98.4 and 227.8 kg/hm² respectively for kernel, stem leaf and plant of maize. Agricultural wastes combined chemical fertilizer could reduce apparent loss amount of nitrogen, treatment S10 had the lowest loss amount of 37.7 kg/hm². The returning of moderate straw, cow dung and chicken manure could also increase nitrogen apparent efficiency. 75% straw returning + chemical fertilizer N 191.2 kg/hm² (treatment S4) had the highest nitrogen apparent efficiency of 44.7% among straw retuning treatments, which was 4.3% higher than that of treatment S1. Among cow dung retuning treatments, the nitrogen apparent efficiency of 25% cow dung returning + 75% chemical fertilizer N (treatment S6) was 51.2%, which was 10.8% higher than that of treatment S1. Among chicken manure retuning treatments, the nitrogen apparent efficiency of 25% chicken manure returning + 75% chemical fertilizer N (treatment S10) was 56.84%, which was 16.5% higher than that of treatment S1. Therefore, integrated the absorption amount, loss amount and use efficiency of nitrogen, the optimum retuning way was 25% chicken manure N+ 75% chemical fertilizer N.

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