Abstract: In order to improve the life quality of rural residents and promote the sustainable and healthy development of economy in Jiangsu, using the economic data from 2000 to 2013, consumption structure of rural residents in Jiangsu Province was studied empirically based on ELES model. The results showed that the consumption level of rural residents in Jiangsu Province was improved greatly. Expenditure proportion of education, entertainment, transportation and communication gradually increased from 2000 to 2013. Marginal propensity of consume analysis showed that food, house, transportation and communication as well as education and entertainment were the focus of rural residents in Jiangsu Province. Elasticity analysis showed that food was daily necessities of rural residents, the rest consumer goods were luxury goods.