Abstract: As a widespread way of crop straw disposing and soil enriching in current agricultural production, returning crop straw to the field directly has important scientific value and practical meaning. But many problems of total crop straw returned directly every year have appeared with the increase of straw yield. In order to provide a beneficial reference for the scientific utilization of crop straw, the authors clarified and weighed the pros and cons of crop straw returned directly, deliberated and discussed the potential risks of the undecomposed straws in the practice of total crop straw returned directly every year, summarized the multiway utilization approaches and technologies of straw, and put forward the sustainable direction of straw utilization. According to the analysis, the accumulation of organic matter in soil was a burden to agroecosystem, which might exceed the bearing capacity of farmland eventually and destroy the balance of agroecosystem. Therefore, on the premise of suitable straw returned amount which could retain soil fertility, it was necessary to comprehensively utilize the crop straw according to local conditions.