Abstract: In order to promote a comprehensive utilization of banana and the sustainable development of the banana industry, the main nutrients in the pulp, fruit, stem, leaf, and flower of banana were introduced respectively in this paper, and the active ingredients in various parts of banana were summarized, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, catecholamines, etc. The research progress of banana’s health care function at home and abroad was reviewed, including anti-ulcer, anti-diarrhea, anti-hypertension, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-depressants, anti-oxidation and so on. The prospects of banana health food or drug were promising, but the domestic researches on the function mechanism of banana active ingredients were insufficient, such as the application research of dopamine and lectin from banana in medicine. This research could provide a theoretical reference for the banana comprehensive utilization and development of health care products.