Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.10 Published:19 April 2016

  Effects of Low-temperature, NaCl and PEG Stress on Seeds Germination and Seedlings Growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata 2016, 32 (10):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090115 Abstract + ( 1394 )   PDF ( 2622KB )   ( 400 ) In order to investigate the effects of low-temperature, NaCl and PEG treatment on the seeds germination and seedlings growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata, their seeds collected from the third-generation seed orchard were chosen as material to be tested for purpose of the present research project so as to conduct studies on the effects of the 4℃ low-temperature, 0.025-0.3 mol/L NaCl solution, 5%-30% of PEG solution on the seed germination rate, germination potential, germination starting time, germination time, seedling height, and the ratio of dry-and-wet weight of Cunninghamia lanceolata. The results showed that: low-temperature treatment had significantly reduced the seed germination rate and the ratio of dry-and-wet weight of Cunninghamia lanceolata and shortened the germination starting time and germination time, but low-temperature treatment had no obviously effects on the seed germination potential and seedling high. The concentration which was not less than 0.025 mol/L NaCl and 5% PEG had significantly reduced the seed germination rate, germination potential. The limiting concentration of NaCl and PEG solution for seeds germination of Cunninghamia lanceolata was 0.2 mol/L and 20% respectively, namely, if larger than these concentrations, seeds of Cunninghamia lanceolata would not sprout. 0.025-0.1 mol/L NaCl and 5%-15% PEG solution treatment had significantly prolonged the seed germination starting time, shortened seed germination time, lowered the height of the seedlings, and added the ratio of dry-and-wet weight.

  Cutting Propagation Techniques of Cyclocarya paliurus 2016, 32 (10):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080077 Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 575KB )   ( 559 ) A field randomized block experiment under the condition of water control in greenhouse was conducted to research the types of rooting inducer, concentration of K-systems & I-systems rooting inducer, cuttage season, processing time of cuttings, cutting medium, accumulated temperature and physicochemical property of cutting medium, which influenced the cuttings rooting rate of Cyclocarya paliurus. The results showed that different rooting inducers and different concentrations of K-systmes

  Response of Betula nigra, Alnus glutinosa and Alnus crmastogyme to Heavy Metal Cu Stress 2016, 32 (10):  13-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100116 Abstract + ( 1605 )   PDF ( 6086KB )   ( 369 ) In order to study the response of Betula nigra, Alnus glutinosa and Alnus crmastogyme to Cu stress and the difference of Cu tolerance among the three species, plant growth, changes of antioxidant system and Cu accumulation characteristics under different Cu concentrations of these three species were studied by the method of pot experiment. The results showed that (1) high Cu concentration (≥1 mmol/L) significantly reduced plant height, stem increment and biomass, which inhibited plant growth; (2) with the increase of Cu stress time, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased and then decreased, these three enzymatic activities in Alnus glutinosa were the strongest and the longest; (3) Cu accumulation in Alnus glutinosa and Alnus crmastogyme root, stem and leaf increased with the increase of Cu concentration, Cu accumulation in Betula nigra root and stem increased but Cu accumulation in leaf decreased with the increase of Cu concentration. In summary, plant growth of the three species was inhibited under high Cu concentration, they all showed Cu2 enrichment characteristics in root. The Cu tolerance of Alnus glutinosa was the strongest, Betula nigra had strong Cu resistance when the concentration of Cu was low, Alnus crmastogyme was relatively sensitive to Cu stress.

  Early Stage Selection of Fine Clones of Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii in Hubei Province 2016, 32 (10):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070154 Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 550KB )   ( 424 ) Aim to increase the diversity of timber tree species and ease the timber single issue in Jianghan plain of Hubei Province, the introduction and early stage selection of 30 male-sterile clones of Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii were conducted. Based on the measurement traits of tree diameter at breast height and tree height for 3 years in succession, the analysis of variance and comparison of genetic parameters were carried out. The results showed that the average diameter and height for 1 year old clones of Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii were 2.49 cm and 2.94 m, for 2 years old they were 4.29 cm and 4.22 m, and for 3 years old they were 6.31 cm and 6.06 m, respectively. An extremely significant variation of growth was found among clones based on the results of ANOVA. The repeatability of diameter and height for the 3rd year were 63.89% and 67.48%, respectively. The correlations between diameter and height at different ages were extremely significant. 4 fine clones were chosen with the selection rate of 12.5% based on the integrated assessment by weighted coefficient method.

  Selection of Fast-growing Family of Eucalyptus urophylla with Resistance to Termite 2016, 32 (10):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100027 Abstract + ( 1093 )   PDF ( 582KB )   ( 456 ) To protect the soil and prevent serious diseases and insect pests caused by extensive planting of single variety, it is necessary to select new provenance/family forest with abundant gene resources. In this paper, growth and insect resistance to termite of 117 families of 6-year-old Eucalyptus urophylla were studied. The results indicated that there were 41 families that could resist to termite. Finally 8 fast-growing families with resistance to termite were selected as the superior families. The average heritability of individual tree volume of the 117 families was 0.3640, and the genetic gain of the 8 superior families was estimated to be 8.66%.

  Growth Rhythm and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Indicator of Schima superba Container Seedlings 2016, 32 (10):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090109 Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 1568KB )   ( 305 ) The research aimed to define the growth rhythm of S. superba container seedlings and screened the key quality indicators which reflected the quality of S. superba container seedlings. Employing the peat soil, perlite and the local rice husk to be mixed into composition of matrix and also biodegradable nonwoven to be container, the variation regularities of seedlings height, ground diameter, leaf quantity and biomass of S. superba container seedlings within 195 d were studied, and the correlation analysis and differentiation of 14 indicators, including seedlings height, ground diameter, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, root vigor and so on of S. superba container seedlings were researched after 195 d growth. The results showed that after transplant seedlings, the height, the diameter, the amount of leaf and the biomass per plant of the seedlings presented the same growth trend within 195 d. The growth rate were slow during the first 75 d after transplant seedlings, but after 75 d, the growth of height and diameter gradually entered a fast-growing period, and the rate gradually slowed down since 165 d after transplant seedlings, entering a lignification period. The differentiation degrees of ground diameter, total fresh weight and mass index in all quality indicators were higher than that of other indicators, and significantly correlated with other indicators. These findings indicate that S. superba container seedlings grow and develop well, and mass index, fresh weight and diameter and other morphological indexs are the crucial indexes to evaluate the quality of S. superba container seedlings, and root vigor, soluble sugar content and total nitrogen content are considered as the secondary indexes, and the auxiliary indexes consist of rates of height to diameter and root/shoot.

  Advances in Water-cultured Rooting of Casuarina Branchlets 2016, 32 (10):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120022 Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 543KB )   ( 427 ) In order to understand water-cultured propagation of Casuarina, this paper generalized the intrinsic factors (species, provenance and physiological age of cutting) and extrinsic factors (growth regulators, temperature, oxygen, water and light), which affected water-cultured rooting of Casuarina branchlets. And then, the research progress of rooting type was also summarized. The paper pointed out that current researches of water-cultured rooting of Casuarina ere mainly concentrated in the growth regulators, cutting, light and temperature, and suggested that the ratio of growth regulators, physiological and biochemical characteristic in rooting process and anatomical structure should be the research orientations for water- cultured rooting of Casuarina.

  The Relationship Between Internal and External Temperature of Film for Transplanting Tobacco Seedlings Under Plastic Film 2016, 32 (10):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080154 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 1633KB )   ( 366 ) The study aims to explore the suitable crevasse temperature and size of flue- cured tobacco seedlings transplanting under plastic film and provide theoretical basis for field production. Through field experiments, the authors compared internal and external temperature of white and black film, soil temperature and temperature change with different crevasse sizes. The results showed that the internal temperature increased with the increase of air temperature, and the temperature under white film was higher than that under black film. When the air temperature of field was below 20℃, transplanting tobacco seedlings under plastic film could keep a warm growing environment; when the field air temperature was higher than 27℃, the internal temperature under film reached 45℃, timely crevasse process should be conducted to prevent seedling injury caused by high temperature. In the premise that the environment temperature could guarantee the demand of tobacco seedling growth, early crevasse of the film was good for seedling growth relatively.

  Application of Special Controlled Release Fertilizer in Tobacco Production 2016, 32 (10):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090146 Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 511KB )   ( 385 ) A 5-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of special controlled release fertilizer on tobacco yield, appearance quality, chemical components and nutrient use efficiency. The results showed that, compared with local recommended fertilization, the special controlled release fertilizer increased the tobacco yield by 14.1-51.8 kg/hm2, significantly improved NPK use efficiency by 2.3-6.7, 1.9-3.6 and 1-3.1 percentage point, respectively. The application of special controlled release fertilizer obviously improved the appearance quality and increased the rate of supper tobacco by 3.9-5.8 percentage point; decreased total nitrogen and alkaloid contents and increased reducing sugar contents in tobacco leaves; and also increased the potassium content of middle and upper tobacco leaves; raised the output value by 1404.6-8764.0 yuan/hm2. The average output value of five years was increased by 3385 yuan/hm2. In addition, the application of the controlled release fertilizer reduced fertilizer application frequency and improved economic benefits. These illustrated that the special controlled release fertilizer could supply and balance nutrients for tobacco growth need in time and sufficiently.

  Optimal Nitrogen Application Rate for Flue-cured Tobacco in Tobacco-rice Rotation Region of Liuyang 2016, 32 (10):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100001 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 509 ) In order to provide fertilization guidance to flue-cured tobacco production in Liuyang, the optimal nitrogen application rate for flue-cured tobacco in Liuyang tobacco-rice rotation region was discussed by studying the effect of nitrogen application rate on agronomic traits and chemical components in tobacco leaves. The results showed that: (1) N 120 kg/hm2 could not meet the requirements of growth and development of tobacco plant, while the increase of N application rate could significantly improve the agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation; (2) there existed significant differences in economic traits among different treatments, the yield and output value of N 120 kg/hm2 treatment were significantly lower than those of N 150-210 kg/hm2 treatments, the rate of middle and high grade leaves and the average price of N 150 kg/hm2 treatment were the highest, and its coordination of yield and quality was better; (3) as for upper and lower leaves, the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine were relatively high in N 150 kg/hm2 treatment, and the coordination of chemical components was better; as for middle leaves, the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine were relatively high in N 180 kg/hm2 treatment. Comprehensively considering plant growth and development, yield and quality of tobacco leaves, 150 kg/hm2 was the optimal N rate for flue-cured tobacco in Liuyang tobacco-rice rotation region.

  Effect of Different Cow Dung Application Amounts on‘Honghuadajinyuan’ Tobacco Yield and Quality 2016, 32 (10):  64-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100082 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 479KB )   ( 710 ) In order to manifest the clean aroma characteristic of‘Honghuadajinyuan’in alpine region of Zhenghe, the effect of different application amounts of cow dung on‘Honghuadajinyuan’tobacco yield and quality was studied. The results showed that in terms of agronomic traits, the treatment of 2250 kg/hm2 had the best performance, and then was the treatment of 1500 kg/hm2. In terms of appearance quality, the appearance performance was improved with the increase of cow dung application amount. In terms of chemical component, the treatment of 1500 kg/hm2 had more coordinate inherent quality, and all the inherent quality indicators were in appropriate range. In terms of economic traits, the treatment of 1500 and 2250 kg/hm2 had better performance. The application of cow dung could increase agronomic traits of tobacco, the application amount of 1500 kg/hm2 had more coordinate chemical component, and the clean aroma characteristic was more prominent, which showed that‘Honghuadajinyuan’had certain variety advantages. It is suggested that the cow dung application amount should be in appropriate range, and not be increased only in pursuit of high yield.

  Effectiveness of Trace Element Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer on Chinese Cabbage 2016, 32 (10):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090005 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 945KB )   ( 487 ) In order to compare the application effects of trace element seaweed liquid fertilizer (N:P:K=28:0:0, seaweed extract≥27%, Cu≥0.02%, Zn≥0.05%, Mn≥0.05%, B≥0.05%), seaweed liquid fertilizer (N:P:K=28:0:0，seaweed extract≥27% ) and liquid fertilizer (N:P:K=28:0:0) on Chinese cabbage of‘Shanghaiqing’, the growth characteristics, yield and economic benefit of these three kinds of fertilizers were studied. The results showed that the plant height and rhizome thickness of Chinese cabbage reached the highest under trace element seaweed liquid fertilizer treatment, which were 23.5 cm and 6.87 mm, respectively, and 8.7% and 16.9% higher than that of liquid fertilizer treatment. The theoretical yield of Chinese cabbage was 28505.1 kg/hm2 under trace element seaweed liquid fertilizer treatment, which was 4711.3 and 1244.5 kg/hm2 higher than that of liquid fertilizer treatment and seaweed liquid fertilizer treatment, respectively, yield growth rate were 19.8% and 4.6%, respectively. The trace element seaweed liquid fertilizer could promote the growth and improve the yield of Chinese cabbage significantly, and could obtain better economic returns.

  Effect of banana stalk organic fertilizer to the growth of Chinese cabbage 2016, 32 (10):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100022 Abstract + ( 850 )   In order to solve the problem of waste disposal after banana’s harvest, we used banana stalk to produce banana stalk organic fertilizer, through a plot experiment, we compared the growth influence of Chinese cabbage by normal organic fertilizer(Wanlvbao) and banana stalk organic fertilizer as base fertilizer usage, and evaluated its economic benefits. The results showed that: organic fertilizer took little effect on water content and nutrient content for Chinese cabbage, but took significantly effect on plant height and its leaf width, using organic fertilizer increased 22.50%-43.10% production of Chinese cabbage. On the condition of 6750 kg/hm2 normal organic fertilizer application, Chinese cabbage got the highest yield, which reached 30135 kg/hm2, next was 6750 kg/hm2 stalk organic manure fertilizer. For farmer conventional fertilization level (4500 kg/hm2), application of stalk organic fertilizer increased more than 3.50% to normal organic fertilizer, income increased 1800 yuan/hm2. As a kind of banana waste cycling products, cost for banana stalk organic fertilizer was low, and took good effects, in some case, it can be used instead of normal organic fertilizer.

  Physiological Characteristics of Nectarine Seedlings Under High Temperature Stress 2016, 32 (10):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090001 Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 1254KB )   ( 556 ) In order to analyze high temperature resistance of nectarine and provide foundation for high temperature tolerant variety breeding, the grafted nectarine seedlings of‘Zaohongzhu’were used as materials to study the changing tendency of morphological characteristics and physiological indices under different high temperature stresses. The results showed that the injury indices increased with the rising of the temperature, little influence was found under 33 and 39℃, the symptoms of high temperature stress were obvious under 45℃ for 3 consecutive days. The physiological indices of plant changed regularly under high temperature stress, the contents of Chl and Car decreased with the temperature rise, and the descending range increased with the sustaining of the stress. MDA content showed a slightly increase- decrease- increase trend except at the initial stress stage. Pro content increased gradually, but decreased sharply under 45℃. SOD activity kept a slow increase, the activity increased with a small range except on the 3rd day under 45℃. CAT activity increased at first and then decreased, and reached a peak at 39℃. The plant injury indices were significantly correlated with Chl, Car, MDA, Pro, SOD and CAT under high temperature stress.

  Distribution Characteristics of Microelements in Different Moringa Varieties 2016, 32 (10):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120011 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 524KB )   ( 369 ) The paper aims to analyze the distribution features of microelements in different ages as well as different harvest periods and organs (leaves, stems, shoots) of three varieties of Moringa in Xishangbanna (e.g, Moringa oleifera, Moringa stenopetala and Moringa PKM1). The results revealed that: there were significant differences of microelements content in young shoots and old shoots of different varieties, ages and harvest periods. In all varieties, iron (Fe) showed the highest content, followed by manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), while copper (Cu) content was the lowest. The content of Fe in leaves was lower than that in stems, however the content of Zn and Mn was higher in leaves than that in stems. The microelements contents in young shoots were higher than that in old shoots except Zn. As regard to different varieties, Moringa oleifera had the highest Zn and Fe content, followed by Moringa PKM1 and Moringa stenopetala. Moringa stenopetala had the highest Mn content, followed by Moringa oleifera and Moringa PKM1. Interestingly, the Fe content of Moringa spp increased progressively with the tree age increase, but Mn and Zn content declined. Fe and Zn content were lower in summer, but Mn content was lower in winter. The difference of Cu content of different varieties, ages and harvest periods was not significant.

  Application Ratio of NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun 陈小连a,韦启鹏a, and 2016, 32 (10):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090095 Abstract + ( 1173 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 464 ) In order to explore the optimal application ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for Callicarpa kwangtungensis growth and function, a completely randomized block test with seven treatments was conducted, the treatments were Y0 (without fertilizer, CK), Y1 (15:5:6), Y2 (15:5:9), Y3 (15:3:12), Y4 (15:3:9), Y5 (15:3:6) and Y6 (15:3:3). The effect of different NPK fertilizer ratios on yield components (plant height, root diameter, new shoot number, leaf number), yield, forsythiaside B, poliumoside and total flavonoid content was studied. The results showed that Y1, Y3 and Y6 could improve the plant height, root diameter, leaf number and new shoot number, which led to the increase of yield. The results also indicated that the content of forsythiaside B, poliumoside and the yield reached the highest in Y1 treatment (15:5:6), which had the optimal NPK ratio that could ensure high yield and quality of Callicarpa kwangtungensis.

  Effect of Different Fertilization Amounts on Growth, Medicinal Yield, Seed Yield and Quality of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge 2016, 32 (10):  95-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090100 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 2932KB )   ( 366 ) In order to study different fertilization amount for the effect of astragalus root growth and development, medicinal material Output and seed yield and quality, Medicinal plant Astragalus of planting in gansu province Zhangxian regard as materials. Six different fertilization treatments(A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3) for the effect of growth status of astragalus(plant height, branch number, root length, root diameter, fresh weight on the ground, dry weight on the ground, root fresh weight and root dry weight), medicinal material Output and seed yield and quality are compared in 2 different proportions(N:P:K=1.25:3:1、N:P:K=2:3:1). Research results show that: the effect of different fertilization treatments on Astragalus root is different, which the greatest impact is the mid growth; under different fertilization treatments, A2 treatment is advantaged to improve the yield of Astragalus root, at the same time, root fresh weight and root dry weight yield are the highest; A3 treatment have the highest seed yield; Treatment of N:P:K=1.25:3:1 of Astragalus seed production is higher than treatment of N:P:K=2:3:1, and the relative quality of the seed is also improved. A2 treatment is beneficial to improve the yield of Astragalus; while A3 treatment is beneficial to improve the yield of Astragalus seed.

  Effect of Forest Types and Canopy Density on Polysaccharide Content of Polygonatum cyrtonema 黄云鹏,王邦富,范繁荣,,, and 2016, 32 (10):  102-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090114 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 472 ) In order to provide scientific guidance for cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema, effect of forest types and canopy density on the P. cyrtonema polysaccharide content was studied in the Yangxi Town of Sanming City, Fujian Province. Results showed that the root polysaccharide content of P. cyrtonema in different forest types ranked from high to low was moso bamboo forest (13.8%), broad-leaved forest (13.7%), Cunninghamia lanceolata forest (13.3% ) and Pinus massoniana forest (12.5% ). The root polysaccharide content of P. cyrtonema with different canopy densities ranked from high to low was 0.4-0.6 (13.8%), 0.2-0.4 (11.7%), 0.6-0.8 (11.2%) and 0.8-0.9 (9.8%). The root polysaccharide content of P. cyrtonema with different growth years ranked from high to low was 2 years (16.1% ), 1 year (15.5% ) and seedlings roots (11.4% ). Therefore, the suitable forest types to enhance polysaccharide contents of P. cyrtonema roots were moso bamboo forest or broad-leaved forest with canopy density of 0.4-0.6.

  Effects of Light Wave, Light Source Distance and Temperature on Phototaxis Behavior of Harmonia axyridis 文礼章,, and 2016, 32 (10):  106-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100034 Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 2406KB )   ( 695 ) Harmonia axyridis is a common natural enemy to farmland pests. This study aims at the effect of light wave, light source distance and temperature on the phototaxis behavior of Harmonia axyridis adult, and provide theoretical basis for designing insecticidal lamp which could avoid harming to natural enemies of pests. Sixteen kinds of monochromatic light waves and two kinds of fixed control light waves were used. Harmonia axyridis of different ages and sexes were placed in three light boxes with different light source distances, but the humidity and temperature were kept stable. Then phototaxis rates of Harmonia axyridis under different light waves and light source distances were tested. Besides, light tendency of Harmonia axyridis under different temperatures was also studied. According to the results, the favorite light waves of Harmonia axyridis adults were at 500, 605 and 550 nm and the repellent light waves were at 473 and 407 nm. The phototaxis response rate at the distance of 0.65 m away from the light source was significantly higher than that of 1.15 and 2.15 m. Too high and too low temperature had certain inhibitory effect on light tendency of Harmonia axyridis. In conclusion, phototaxis behavior of Harmonia axyridis adult was obviously influenced by its selection of light wave, light source distance and temperature.

  Research Progress of Prevention and Control Technology of Anoplophora glabripennis 2016, 32 (10):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100109 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 613KB )   ( 701 ) The paper aims to study the monitoring technology of Anoplophora glabripennis and master the basic information on its harm. The authors summed up the research results of ecological behavior and integrated control technique of A. glabripennis in recent 30 years. The results showed that the single control technique was inadvisable in controlling A.glabripennis. Studies on behavior chemical ecology and resistance breeding should be developed, and natural enemies should be actively protected and attracted. Meanwhile, the synthetic action of natural control factors should be used to enlarge the prevention and treatment of A. glabripennis and the control area, in order to realize the sustainable control of A. glabripennis.

  Physiological Index of Three Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties and Their Black Shank Resistance Difference 黄建明,,,, and 2016, 32 (10):  120-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080014 Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 509KB )   ( 280 ) In order to further study the effect of tobacco black shank disease on tobacco quality, compared the different physiological indexes of flue-cured tobacco varieties, black shank disease incidence and the relationship between the relevant chemical composition, with flue-cured tobacco ‘Hongda’, ‘K326’and ‘Yunyan85’ varieties as material under the same condition. Result: the black shank disease incidence and disease index of ‘Hongda’ is the highest, ‘K326’ take the second place, and ‘Yunyan85’ is the lowest. The activity of POD, PPO, CAT, total phenol and flavonoids of ‘Yunyan85’ is highest and the increase is the largest in vaccination, ‘K326’ second, ‘Hongda’ minimum. The activity of PPO, CAT, POD are negative corrected with flavonoids and total phenol, and positive correlated with protein and soluble sugar.

  County-level Refined Climate Suitability Regionalization and Disaster Risk Zoning Based on GIS 黄冬 2016, 32 (10):  125-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100090 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 2783KB )   ( 515 ) In order to clarify the spatial distribution of climate suitability and disaster risk of staple crops, specialty crops and facility crops, refined climate suitability regionalization for rice and facility agriculture, and disaster risk zoning for rice cold damage and wine grape frost were conducted. Taking Yongning County as an example, the data from auto meteorological stations were used in the research, and some methods including qualitative judgment, cluster analysis, spatial analysis and so on were adopted. The suitable planting areas, less suitable planting areas and unsuitable planting areas were determined for advantage agriculture, specialty agriculture and facility agriculture. The results showed that most part of Yongning County was suitable or less suitable for rice production and facility agriculture; the low risk areas of rice cold damage and wine grape frost were along Helan Mountain, and the high risk areas were in Minning town, the middle and west part of Lijun town, and the west part of Wanghong town. The analysis had certain significance for exerting regional climate advantage, avoiding disadvantages, reducing the loss from meteorological disasters and increasing the overall benefit of all kinds of industries. The achievement could provide decision support for the government of Yongning County in planting structure adjustment and disaster prevention and mitigation.

  Climate Suitability Regionalization for Zhongyang Jujube in the Hilly Area of Loess Plateau 王志伟 and 陈焕武 2016, 32 (10):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100068 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 418 ) Based on the meteorological data and geographical information at 32 weather stations from 1985 to 2014 in the coastal region of the Yellow River, by using GIS technology, authors built the climatic division for Zhongyang Jujube in order to provide scientific basis for its industrial structure adjustment and sustainable development. Firstly, through the comprehensive analysis of climate suitability characteristics of Zhongyang jujube, the investigation of climate change impact on its production and the meteorological conditions of key growth periods in typical yield and disaster year in Shaanxi and shanxi, the climate suitability evaluation system of Zhongyang jujube in the Hilly Area of Loess Plateau was established. Next, small grid reckon model was established to calculate the spatial distribution for each regionalization index values in this area. Thus, based on GIS the distribution graph of the climate suitable planting areas of Zhongyang jujube was formed by using comprehensive evaluation method according to the topographic slope. The results indicated that the suitable regions for dried jujube plant are mainly distributed Sin the flood land, river valley areas and hilly sloping land ofScoastalSShaanxiSand ShanxiSthe Yellow River and itsStributaries, with altitude from 730Sto 1100 meters. The northern suitable region may expand the planting area appropriately; The central and southern suitable and sub-suitable areas should adjust the industrial structure, improve the planting crack varieties, while increasing base infrastructure construction to promote the jujube industry healthy and sustainable development in the Loess Plateau.

  Variation Characteristics of Air Temperature and Its Impact on Jujube in Hilly Region of the Loess Plateau in Recent 40 Years 张维敏 and 王景红 2016, 32 (10):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100050 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 2597KB )   ( 325 ) The study aims to understand the variation characteristics of air temperature and its impact on jujube in the hilly region of the loess plateau, and provide decision-making basis for the development of jujube industry. Based on the air temperature data of the jujube planting zones in the hilly region from 1971 to 2010, the spatial-temporal characteristics of temperature variation (including the average temperature of year and each quarter, the annual extreme maximum temperature, the annual extreme minimum temperature) were studied with linear trend estimation, Mann-Kendall analysis, moving T-test analysis and the Morlet wavelet analysis and spatial interpolation. The results showed that: there was an obvious ascending tendency of the annual average temperature and the annual extreme maximum temperature in the past 40 years, but the annual extreme minimum temperature decreased. All of the seasonal temperatures showed an increasing trend, and the temperature increase of winter was the highest, then was that of spring, summer and autumn. The air temperature suddenly rose in the 1980s to the 1990s. The air temperature in winter was the earliest that changed abruptly, followed by the annual average temperature, spring temperature, summer temperature and the annual extreme maximum temperature. There was a 31-year cycle of the air temperature during the 40 years period. Spatial variation of the air temperature had an obvious decreasing tendency from south to north and from west to east in the study area. The temperature increase had certain influence on jujube phonological phase, yield, diseases and insect pests and so on.

  Effect of Winter Climate Characteristics on Solar Greenhouse in Liangzhou District of Wuwei City 2016, 32 (10):  145-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120048 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 1649KB )   ( 457 ) Employing the meteorological observation data from 1961 to 2010 of the meteorological station in Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, and using the mathematical statistics method, the climate change characteristics were analyzed systematically including the temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours in winter. The results showed that: the temperature in winter significantly increased, and the climate tendency rate was 0.617℃/10 a, which passed the significance level test of 99%; the precipitation in winter increased slightly, and the climate tendency rate was 0.107 mm/10 a; sunshine hours had a slight decrease tendency, and the climate tendency rate was -1.6721 h/10 a. The climate tendency coefficient of precipitation and sunshine hours did not pass the significance level test. Under the background of climate warming in winter, solar greenhouse would face multiple impacts, so a series of countermeasures were proposed to deal with climate change in winter, which would provide a scientific basis for high yield and bumper harvest.

  Mining SSR Molecular Marker Sites with MISA Tool for Different Types of Sequences 2016, 32 (10):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100078 Abstract + ( 1571 )   PDF ( 2147KB )   ( 1119 ) This work aims to extend the application range of MISA (MIcroSAtellite identification tool). The authors adjusted important parameters of MISA to find their effects on analysis results, and attempted to apply MISA to analyze other sequence types. Five different types of sequences of Beta vulgaris were collected and analyzed to find out appropriate parameters for each sequence type, and to clarify the effects of different parameters on analysis results. Among the five types of sequences, four were collected from public database and one was obtained from the early work of the research team. MISA was found to be able to analyze all these five sequence types of B. vulgaris sequences with appropriate analyzing parameters and sequence format. The max length of the sequence library was restricted by the redundant sequence removing tools, and affected redundant sequence processing, including both time consumption and analysis results. The length of detectable repeat units affected the amount of mined sites and the designing of primers. The length range of the sequence library did not disturb MISA analysis. About 8000 SSR sites were mined from the five types of B. vulgaris sequences using MISA tool with adjusted parameters. These results implied that MISA could be applied to analyzing different sequence types. Two parameters, the limit of sequence max length in the sequence pool and the length of detectable repeat units, should be adjusted. It is suggested that the sequences should be as long as possible under the permission of hardware and software, the length of repeat units should be adjusted according to the research purpose.

  Classification of HSFs and Analysis of Their SSR Markers in Grape 2016, 32 (10):  157-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070032 Abstract + ( 975 )   PDF ( 1074KB )   ( 305 ) Heat stress restricts grape production, especially in facility cultivation. Analysis of SSR markers and classification of HSFs which are major regulators in heat tolerance could be important in grape heat tolerance breeding. In this study, 19 HSF sequences of Vitis vinifera were downloaded from Phytozome. Based on these sequences of VvHSFs, their lengths, molecular weights and isoelectric points were predicted. Furthermore, multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis of these 19 HSFs were carried out with AtHSFs as reference sequences. 10 HSFAs, 7 HSFBs and 2 HSFCs were found in grape genome. According to SSR sites in VvHSF, the specific primers were designed for the PCR using‘Cabernet Sauvignon’as template. These data showed that grape genome harbored 3 classes of HSFs containing SSR sites which could be used for designing molecular markers. This work would be a basis for molecular marker assistant breeding in grape thermotolerance.

  Construction of Expression Vector with NtFT2 Sense Gene and Establishment of Transgenic Procedure from Callus in Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis 2016, 32 (10):  162-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100099 Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 4129KB )   ( 354 ) The expression vector of NtFT2 sense gene was constructed to study the regulation effect of NtFT2 gene on the bud dormancy; and transgenic procedure was established to provide a foundation for gene transformation in Narcissus tazetta var. Chinensis. NtFT2 gene was cloned from buds by PCR, NtFT2 sense gene was inserted into plant expression vector pCAMBIA1301 with double GUS by PCR, double digestion and connection method to obtain expression vector P1301-FT2 with NtFT2 sense gene. Then recombinant plasmid P1301-FT2 was transformed into Agrobacterium through freeze-thawing method. NtFT2 sense gene was transformed into callus by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method, genetic transformation efficiency was detected by GUS histochemical staining method. Results showed that: expression vector with NtFT2 sense gene was obtained; the best transient expression of GUS reached 64.28% under the conditions as follows: callus which were pretreated with 0.5 mol/L mannitol for 6 h; and the Agrobacterium suspension was with OD600 value of 1.0, callus were infected for 20 min, and then they were transferred onto medium for co-cultivation for 6 days at 25℃ in the dark. Expression vector with NtFT2 gene was constructed, and a high-efficiency transgenic procedure mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens with NtFT2 sense gene was developed from callus in Narcissus tazetta var. Chinensis.

  Status and Health Risk Assessment of Vegetable Heavy Metal Contamination in Taiyuan City 2016, 32 (10):  169-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110004 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 635KB )   ( 374 ) To investigate heavy metal pollution character of vegetables and to assess its human health risk in Taiyuan city, a survey was conducted to detect the contents of heavy metals in 130 samples of 15 kinds of vegetables that were collected from the markets of Taiyuan City. These heavy metals values were valuated subsequently according to national hygiene standard methods. Heavy metal pollution of vegetables was assessed with Nemerow index and single-factor index respectively. Human health risks from heavy metals in vegetables were valued according to the standards of International Commission on Radio logical Protection(ICRP). The results showed that the standard-exceeding ratio of Pb in lettuce, cabbage and leek was 43.8%, 33.3% and 5.6% respectively, the standard-exceeding ratio of Cd in lettuce and cabbage was 75% and 25% respectively. The contamination of lettuce belonged to light level, celery and cabbage belonged to alert level, and others belonged to safety level, the following order: Pb>Cd>Cr>Zn>Cu. The average annual risks of health hazards caused by intake of vegetables per person among Taiyuan residents were 7.14×10-6 person/year for Cd, 6.20×10-5 person/year for Cr, 2.34×10-8person/year for Pb, 7.92×10-8 for Cu and 4.40×10-9 for Zn. Human health risks from heavy metals in vegetables in Taiyuan City were mainly caused by chemical carcinogens Cr. The individual health risk of heavy metal pollution was higher than the standard of ICRP.

  Research Progress of Ingredients and Health Function of Banana 2016, 32 (10):  176-181.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100037 Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 636KB )   ( 920 ) In order to promote a comprehensive utilization of banana and the sustainable development of the banana industry, the main nutrients in the pulp, fruit, stem, leaf, and flower of banana were introduced respectively in this paper, and the active ingredients in various parts of banana were summarized, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, catecholamines, etc. The research progress of banana’s health care function at home and abroad was reviewed, including anti-ulcer, anti-diarrhea, anti-hypertension, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-depressants, anti-oxidation and so on. The prospects of banana health food or drug were promising, but the domestic researches on the function mechanism of banana active ingredients were insufficient, such as the application research of dopamine and lectin from banana in medicine. This research could provide a theoretical reference for the banana comprehensive utilization and development of health care products.

  The Suitability for Processing of Baking and Pan-fired Green Tea of State-level Tea Cultivars 项利民 2016, 32 (10):  182-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100070 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 1508KB )   ( 428 ) The paper aims to screen out tea cultivars with excellent suitability for processing. The suitability for green tea’s processing of 5 state- level tea cultivars including ‘Cuifeng’,‘Yingshuang’,‘Shuchazao’, ‘Fuzaoerhao’and‘Qimenzhuyezhong’was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) there were significant differences in the content of taste compounds among the 5 tea cultivars, the content of caffeine in ‘Qimenzhuyezhong’and‘Fuzaoerhao’was higher than that of others; however, the tea soup of pan-fired green tea, processed by‘Fuzaoerhao’, was mellow and fragrant; in spite of refreshing taste, less polyphenols and aqueous extract were in Shuchazao, which was not fragrant; higher ratio of TPs/AA and TPs/Caffeine were in ‘Yingshuang’, whose taste and arome were excellent;‘Cuifeng’had the best suitability for processing among the 5 cultivars; (2) the correlations between taste compounds and evaluation scores of tea soup were obtained in the research, which could provide references for studying tea cultivars’suitability for processing in the future.

  The Preliminary Study of Fresh Leaves Aroma Components of Different Oolong Tea Varieties 2016, 32 (10):  189-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120103 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 914KB )   ( 545 ) The research aims to analyze the fresh leaves aroma components of different oolong tea varieties, reveal aroma material foundation of oolong tea varieties’suitability for processing, and provide theory basis for selecting oolong tea varieties with process suitability as well as for the process of high-aroma oolong tea. Fresh leaves aroma components of 14 oolong tea varieties were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) technique and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Comparison of the analytical results of the composition and content of aroma compounds was carried out. Results of GC- MS analysis indicated that 140 kinds of aroma components were identified, of which, 25 kinds were common components. The main components were alcohols (39.92%), followed by fatty acids (22.71%), aldehydes (15.67%), ketones (5.74%), esters (4.00%), heterocyclic oxygen compounds (2.83%), hydrocarbon (2.27%), and the content of nitrogenous compounds was the least (0.20% ). Therefore, alcohols, fatty acids and aldehydes played a significant role in fresh leaves aroma components of different oolong tea varieties.

  Estimation and Analysis of Tourism Environmental Capacity of the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea 2016, 32 (10):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120138 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 619KB )   ( 581 ) The research on tourism environmental capacity can provide a scientific basis for regional tourism development and management. Taking the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea as an example, the tourism environmental capacity was estimated from four aspects of tourism ecological, facilities, space and social environmental capacity by using the data of a field survey. The results showed that social environmental capacity (9150 person/day) was the biggest, the second was ecological environment capacity (7766 person/day), the space environment capacity (4908 person/day) balanced the facilities environmental capacity (4000 person/day). Based on the cask principle and expert score weight, the tourism environmental capacity of the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea was estimated as 2.76 million people per year, compared with recent tourist amount, there was still a large reception potential. Therefore, combined with the scenic spot development, some feasible suggestions were put forward to provide theoretical references for realizing the sustainable development of the Southern Sichuan Bamboo Sea.