Abstract: Japanese Brome is a serious weed in farmland, which damages the growth and development of crops. In order to control the spread of Japanese Brome, MaxEnt maximum entropy model and ArcGIS were used to analyze and predict its potential geographical distribution in China and the rest of the world according to its distribution records and the meteorological data. The results showed that areas of western Africa, south central Europe, western and eastern and parts of middle Asia, mid-western and parts of eastern North America had high invasion risk of Japanese Brome. In China, areas of Huang-huai-hai plain, plain in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu plain, south central Shaanxi, southern Shanxi, southern Ningxia and Gansu, north central Guizhou, parts of southwest Xinjiang, southwest Tibet and central Qinghai had high invasion risk of Japanese Brome. The scope of secondary risky areas was expanded further on the basis of the high-risky area. The important environmental factors influencing the occurrence of Japanese Brome were mean temperature of the coldest quarter, the annual average temperature, temperature seasonal variation standard deviation, the lowest temperature in the coldest month and the mean temperature of the driest quarter. In this study, the AUC value was 0.943, which indicated that the accuracy of the simulation forecast was good, and the simulation results could be used for the prediction research of the suitable distribution areas of Japanese Brome.