Abstract: To study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on wheat seedling emergence and grain yield, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of all rice straw mechanized returning and different seeding patterns on wheat emergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits. The results were as follows: in rice straw removal treatments, the emergence rate of mechanical seeding in drill was significantly lower than that of mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing, the emergence rate of mechanical seeding in drill, mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing was 51.84%, 90.89% and 88.87%, separately; the emergence uniformity of manual broadcast sowing was inferior to that of mechanical seeding in drill and mechanical uniform planting, the emergency variable coefficient of the three seeding patterns was 0.49, 0.26 and 0.23, separately. With rice straw returning to the field, the emergence rate and emergence uniformity decreased in the three seeding patterns, of which mechanical seeding in drill dropped markedly with emergence rate down 36.54%. The emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting panicle, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. The grain yield was 6091.34 and 6476.20 kg/hm2 when all rice straw was removed or not, higher than the other two seeding patterns. Therefore, in wheat production with rice straw returning to field, mechanical uniform planting is recommended for higher emergence rate, better emergence uniformity to increase grain yield.