Abstract: The objective of this study is to screen new buckwheat varieties suitable for growing in Yunnan Province. The materials were 14 tartary buckwheat varieties (Fagopyrum tataricum ) and 8 common buckwheat (F. esculentum ) varieties from Yunnan Province or other provinces, and eight major agronomic characters including growth period, the rachis-branch and pitch number of main stalk, plant height, kernel number per plant (KNPP), kernel weight per plant (KWPP), thousand- grain weight and average yield per plant, were studied by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the genetic variation coefficients of average yield and KWPP in tartary buckwheat were the maximal, which was 31.13% and 26.38%, respectively, but in common buckwheat, the character with the largest coefficient of 26.06% was KNPP. By principal component analysis, the characters of tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat studied were divided into 4 and 3 comprehensive parameters, whose accumulative contribution rate was 91.52% and 92.92%, respectively. Using cluster analysis, it was found that both the varieties of tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat were clustered into 3 groups, when the value of genetic distance was 57.49 and 39.46, respectively. Based on the character performance in field, several varieties with good comprehensive agronomic characters, no lodging and high production were selected, such as‘Jinkuqiao 6’,‘Yunqiao 1’,‘Liuku 3’, ‘Qiaoza2’,‘Dingtianqiao 2’and‘Bendidali’, which could be popularized in Yunnan Province.