Abstract: To study the effects of tillage and sowing patterns on wheat seedling emergence and yield with rice straw returning, a field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different tillage and sowing patterns on seedling emergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits of wheat with all rice straw returning. The results were as follows: under the same sowing pattern, wheat seedling emergence rate with shallow tillage was higher than that with no tillage, while seedling emergence uniformity was just the opposite. Effects of sowing patterns on wheat seedling emergence rate and emergence uniformity were greatly different under the same tillage method, the seedling emergence rate with mechanical uniform planting was the highest and the emergence uniformity was the best. Wheat seedling emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting panicle, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. Wheat grain yield with mechanical uniform planting, which was 6484.35 kg/hm2 and 6476.20 kg/hm2 in no tillage and shallow tillage treatment separately, was higher than those of the other two sowing patterns under the same tillage method. Therefore, no tillage and mechanical uniform planting pattern is recommended for better seedling emergence state to increase grain yield with all rice straw returning.