Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.10 Published:11 April 2017

  Advance in Cadmium Stress on Rice and Its Regulation and Control Technology Sun Yali,Xu Qingguo,刘红梅 and Jia Wei 2017, 33 (10):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050157 Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 2876 ) In order to prevent cadmium pollution in paddy field and provide references for selective breeding and cultivation of new rice variety with lower cadmium, this paper reviewed the influence of heavy metal cadmium on the cadmium content of brown rice, milled rice and nutritive organs, seed germination and growth of seedlings, growth of rice root system and physiological and biochemical properties, rice nutrient metabolism, rice growth and development, yield and rice quality along with cell heredity, etc. At last, it put forward some technologies of regulation and control of cadmium stress on rice, such as regulation and control in soil and breeding technique.

  Organic Selenium Absorption and Accumulation of Rice 2017, 33 (10):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050144 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 682KB )   ( 446 ) In order to clarify the effect of yeast selenium as selenium source to improve plant selenium rich ability, pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of absorption and accumulation of organic selenium (Se- Met) of rice after foliar application of organic selenium. The results showed that the absorption and accumulation ability of different plant parts was different after foliar application of organic selenium, the sequence was leaves＞ stems ＞spikes; the accumulation amount of selenium at booting stage was higher than that at seedling stage; the selenium accumulation amount in seed reached the highest at heading stage and reached the lowest at seedling stage; selenium accumulation amount reached the highest in rice husk, which was 1.1 to 4 times as much as that in rice; organic selenium dosage of 120 g/hm2 was the best application amount to improve the accumulation of selenium in seeds. Organic selenium worked as a source of exogenous selenium could meet the demand of rice growth and improve selenium accumulation in seeds.

  Effects of Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Yield of Late-sown Wheat under Rice Stubble 2017, 33 (10):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090084 Abstract + ( 1100 )   PDF ( 554KB )   ( 445 ) The aims are to explore the effect of irrigation at different growth stages on growth and yield of latesown wheat under rice stubble, and provide a scientific basis for irrigation of late-sown wheat under rice stubble. In field conditions, taking‘huaimai 33’as the experimental material, the authors studied the effects of irrigation at the stages of overwintering, pre-returning green, pre-jointing and early filling on wheat growth and yield by using artificial irrigation. The results showed that individual and population growth of wheat irrigated at early winter stage and pre-returning green stage were better than that of pre-jointing stage and early filling stage. And, the growth of wheat was significantly enhanced with the increase s of watering times. Spike differentiation of wheat irrigated at pre-returning green stage and pre-jointing stage could be advanced and the grain number could be increased. It showed that the A2B2B3 treatment had 3.76 more grains per spike than that of CK. The yield did not increase with the increase of the watering times. The maximum yield was obtained by irrigated twice at early winter stage and pre- jointing stages, the yield increased by 15.85% compared with the CK. Thus, the irrigation at pre-returning green stage and pre-jointing stage might be more suitable for late-sown wheat under rice stubble because it not only enhanced the growth of individual and population, ensure the effective ear number, but also improved the grain numbers per spike to increase the yield.

  Effects of Tillage and Seeding Patterns on Wheat Seedling Emergence and Yield with Rice Straw Return 2017, 33 (10):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010005 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 573KB )   ( 377 ) To study the effects of tillage and sowing patterns on wheat seedling emergence and yield with rice straw returning, a field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of different tillage and sowing patterns on seedling emergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits of wheat with all rice straw returning. The results were as follows: under the same sowing pattern, wheat seedling emergence rate with shallow tillage was higher than that with no tillage, while seedling emergence uniformity was just the opposite. Effects of sowing patterns on wheat seedling emergence rate and emergence uniformity were greatly different under the same tillage method, the seedling emergence rate with mechanical uniform planting was the highest and the emergence uniformity was the best. Wheat seedling emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting panicle, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. Wheat grain yield with mechanical uniform planting, which was 6484.35 kg/hm2 and 6476.20 kg/hm2 in no tillage and shallow tillage treatment separately, was higher than those of the other two sowing patterns under the same tillage method. Therefore, no tillage and mechanical uniform planting pattern is recommended for better seedling emergence state to increase grain yield with all rice straw returning.

  Effect of Different Cultivation Methods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize 2017, 33 (10):  23-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100034 Abstract + ( 835 )   PDF ( 1054KB )   ( 1077 ) The research aims to provide a theoretical basis for efficient production of maize in Guizhou. To explore the suitable cultivation method for high and stable yield of maize in Guizhou, 6 different cultivation methods were studied by field experiments, and the effects of 6 different cultivation methods on leaf area index, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate and final grain yield of maize were analyzed. The results showed that: compared with the control, straw mulching and plastic film mulching could increase leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate, the photosynthetic rate reached the peak at the tasseling stage, and thus significantly increased maize production. In the milky ripe stage, the light saturation point of different treatments was higher than that of tasseling stage, that of transplant treatment was significantly higher than that of the direct seeding, reached a significant level of difference; theLSP ,LCP ,AQE and A max of plastic film mulching transplant were significantly increased, the increase of apparent quantum efficiency raised the net photosynthetic rate, delayed the aging, improved the light compensation point and increased the final yield, and plastic film mulching transplant treatment had the highest final yield, compared with the conventional direct seeding, increased by 20.5% ; there was no significant difference between straw mulching and conventional control. There was a significant correlation between grain yield and grain number, ear row number, 100 grain weight and ear length. In general, plastic film mulching transplant was beneficial to improving the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of maize, which was a kind of cultivation method suitable for Guizhou.

  The Adaptive Planting and Development Prospect of Quinoa in China 2017, 33 (10):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110031 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 583KB )   ( 702 ) In order to understand the current situation of quinoa in China, in this paper, we summarized the botanical characteristics and nutritional value of quinoa, the problems of domestic quinoa industry, such as the shortage of germplasm resources, the lack of innovation and high- yielding cultivation techniques were analyzed, and the countermeasures to increase the investment of quinoa industry and promote various forms of development of industry were put forward. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the popularization and industrial development of quinoa in China.

  Growth of Ten Ramie Germplasms in Hydroponics in Winter 2017, 33 (10):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050087 Abstract + ( 715 )   PDF ( 607KB )   ( 335 ) In order to obtain the application feasibility of ramie in hydroponics under low temperature stress, in this study, the tender shoots of 10 ramie germplasms are cultivated in hydroponics under plastic greenhouse which had no devices of temperature control, humidity control or heating. We first studied the growth percentage of adventitious root primordia and adventitious roots of ramie germplasm stems and survival rate of hydroponics ramie. The results showed that the stems of 10 ramie germplasms were all long out of adventitious root primordia in hydroponics after 7 days. The growth rates of adventitious root primordia of 3 ramie germplasms were more than 70% , of which‘Dongkou Qing Pi Ma’was 100% . Adventitious roots had extremely and significantly positive correlation with adventitious root primordia. The correlation coefficient was 0.912. There were six ramie germplasms whose adventitious roots growth rates were more than 60.00%, and the best germplasm was‘Yichun Tong Pi Qing Ma’. After winter, hydroponic seedling survival rates of 10 ramie germplasms had significantly positive correlation with adventitious root primordia and adventitious root. The correlation coefficients were 0.845 and 0.811, respectively. Hydroponic seedlings of 10 ramie germplasms grew differently. The survival rates of‘Yichun Tong Pi Qing Ma’,‘Dongkou Qing Pi Ma’and‘Mazui Bai Ma’were better than that of others. The rates were 75.56%, 68.89% and 60.00%, respectively.

  QTL Analysis of Root Yield and Sugar Content Traits in Sugar Beet 2017, 33 (10):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120030 Abstract + ( 510 )   PDF ( 607KB )   ( 257 ) The objective is to carry out target gene cloning and other further researches, including breeding new varieties with high yield, high sugar content and disease resistance. In the study, 200 F2 individuals derived from the cross of‘JV34-2’and‘2B023’were used as materials. QTL location analysis of the root yield and sugar content traits of sugar beet was conducted with 123 SRAP primer pairs and 18 SSR primers. Using mapping analysis software of icimapping 3.1, 17 QTLs of root yield and sugar content trait were detected and located on the 6 linkage groups. 7 QTLs of root yield traits were located, and LOD was from 2.5322 to 4.0098, and PVE was at a range of 4.5704%-12.3782%. 10 QTLs of sugar content trait were located, and LOD was from 2.5385 to 10.8314, and PVE was at a range of 2.3482%-19.3828%. The study got the most QTL mapping sites in the important economic traits QTL research of domestic sugar beet.

  F1 Genetic Analysis and Seedling Selection of Different Cross Combinations of Black Poplar 2017, 33 (10):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010030 Abstract + ( 731 )   PDF ( 669KB )   ( 323 ) In order to obtain new poplar varieties suitable for Jianghan Plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, different varieties of black poplar used as parents were selected to hybrid. The growth traits and genetic parameters, such as phenotypic coefficient of variation, genetic coefficient of variation and repeatability, were determined and analyzed at the seedling stage of F1 hybrid progenies. The results showed that Fl generation showed obvious hybrid vigor. The variation range of seedling height and ground diameter was 2.9-5.7 m and 13.5-52.0 mm, respectively. The repeatability of seedling height and ground diameter was 16.7%-56.3% and 30.7%-64.7%, respectively, while the repeatability of ground diameter was higher than that of the seedling height in the same hybridized combination. A total of 234 clones from 6 cross combinations were selected through comprehensive evaluation. Average genetic gain of seedling height and ground diameter of selected clones were 6.7% and 10.8%, respectively, which meant they could be applied to comparative evaluation in the comparative experiment of field afforestation in the future.

  Comprehensive Evaluation and Classification of Ornamental Value of Colored-leaf Tree Species in Urban Green Space 马超 2017, 33 (10):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060010 Abstract + ( 547 )   PDF ( 669KB )   ( 351 ) For solving the problems of monotonous landscape color in urban green space, unreasonable allocation of colorful plants and so on, based on the detailed investigation of colored-leaf tree species resources of urban green space in Lanzhou, taking 21 main kinds of colored tree species as the research objection in Lanzhou in recent years, detailed observation and record were carried out on the ornamental characteristics and ecological habits. Meanwhile, 13 important evaluation factors were selected and a comprehensive evaluation model of colored-leaf tree species in urban green space were established, comprehensive evaluation of ornamental value was carried out by using the method of analytic hierarchy process, classification of ornamental value was studied according to evaluation results. The results showed: (1) among 13 evaluation factors, the ornamental value contribution of factor P11(cold-resistant), P7(anti-drought), P12(color duration) and P13 (anti-pest)were bigger than others; (2) the comprehensive evaluation grade could be divided into three, there were gradeⅠ, gradeⅡ and grade Ⅲ respectively. Among them, there were 4 tree species for gradeⅠ, 13 species for gradeⅡ and 4 species for grade Ⅲ. (3)The trees of gradeⅠ had high ornamental value and suggested to be the first selection tree species in Lanzhou urban green place planning, the trees of gradeⅡ had higher ornamental value and suggested to use largely in Lanzhou urban green place planning, the trees of grade Ⅲ had ordinary ornamental value and suggested to use selectively according to spot condition.

  Structure and Similarity Analysis of Different Types of Greening Plants in Taiyuan 2017, 33 (10):  59-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120144 Abstract + ( 704 )   PDF ( 633KB )   ( 409 ) The paper aims to explore the differences and relationships of different types of greening plants, and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of greening plants in Taiyuan and establishing the evaluation index system of urban landscape plant communities. Based on the method of sampling plots, we compared and analyzed the species composition, diversity coefficient and similarity of 3 types of garden plants in green space, park green space and road green space of Taiyuan residential area. The results showed that: the diversity coefficient of residential green space was higher than that of park green space and road green space, while the indexes of road green space were all at a low level. The results indicated that there were great differences among different types of greening plants of urban areas in Taiyuan due to the different functions and demands of different types of green spaces.

  Research Progress of Information Extraction of Urban Green Space 刘艳红, and 2017, 33 (10):  67-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050185 Abstract + ( 933 )   PDF ( 526KB )   ( 454 ) [Objective] The paper aims to research the extraction of urban green space information.[main content] Nearly 10 years of domestic and inernational research information extraction green reviewed, found mainly in the low-resolution images with pixel-based approach, high-resolution image of the main object-oriented methods.The low-resolution image acquisition cost is lower than the high-resolution images.Based on the presence of salt and pepper phenomenon like element method,accuracy is not high, but easy to operate.Object-oriened approch complicaed operaion,but high accuacy to meet the meaning of landscape ecology.[conclusion]Extraction of urban green there is insufficient information, does not meet the classification criteria of urban green space system ,in furture studies also need to extract information green urban by urban green space system in accordance with the classification criteria.

  Influence of Stirring Time on Physical Structure of Casing Soil and Yield and Quality of Agaricus bisporus 2017, 33 (10):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070129 Abstract + ( 614 )   PDF ( 677KB )   ( 337 ) To optimize the casing technique of Agaricus bisporus, use peat as casing soil material and investigate the effect of stirring time on the physical structure of casing soil and on the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus. The results showed that, air-filled porosity of casing soil decreased with stirring time while bulk density increased with stirring time. Air-filled porosity of casing soil was positively related to mushroom yield and negatively related to marketable mushroom ratio and fruit body size. Bulk density was negatively related to mushroom yield and positively related to marketable mushroom ratio and fruit body size. Casing soil made by short stirring time (5-20 min) gave a better result on total yield ofAgaricus bisporus and the yield of each flush was more even. Casing soil by long stirring time (40-120 min) produced big size mushroom but resulted in reduction of total yield and non-uniform flush yield. The optimal stirring time under given condition was 10 min, total mushroom yield for three flushes was 34.5 kg/m2 and marketable mushroom yield was 27 kg/m2. This study preliminarily revealed the influence of casing soil physical structure on yield and quality of button mushroom, provided references for the optimization the casing techniques and the selection of casing material with high quality.

  Effect of Branch Angle on Growth and Fruit of‘Fuji’Apple Trees in‘SH1’Dwarfing Interstock 弓桂花 2017, 33 (10):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070052 Abstract + ( 650 )   PDF ( 509KB )   ( 377 ) The paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the management of‘Fuji’trees grafted on‘SH1’ dwarf interstock. In this study, 4- year- old‘Fuji’on‘SH1’dwarfing interstock was taken as materials, branches were bent 70° , 90° , 120° to determine photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, tree canopy structure, shoot growth and fruit quality factors. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate was the maximum when the branch angle was 120°, and was significantly different from the other two treatments (P < 0.05). The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were the highest and the leaf thickness and 100 leaves weight were the largest when the branch angle was 90°, and were significantly different from the other two treatments (P <0.05). The photosynthetic indirect radiation of tree crown was the best at 90°, the photosynthetic indirect radiation, direct radiation and photosynthetic leaf area index were the largest at 120°. The length and diameter of long branch and the diameter of middle branch were the maximum at 90°, the length of middle branch was the maximum at 120°. The fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, and hardness were the maximum at 90°. Considering the potential of tree growth, fruit quality and other factors, the branch angle was appropriate at 90° in SH1 dwarfing intertstock.

  Effect of β-mercaptoethanol on Total RNA Quantity of Mango Pruning Wound Buds in Different Periods 周玲,赵凯 and 彭磊 2017, 33 (10):  83-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070085 Abstract + ( 1032 )   PDF ( 824KB )   ( 419 ) It is difficult to extract total RNA from the pruning wound buds of mango since those buds are rich in phenols which are easily oxidized and hardly separated from the nucleic acid. In order to extract high quality RNA which was suitable for real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The influence of β-mercaptoethanol on the quality of RNA extraction was discussed by adding an appropriate amount of β-mercaptoethanol into the cell lysis buffers of quick RNA isolation kit which was made by HUAYUEYANG BIOTECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO. LTD. The results showed that adding about 300 μl β-mercaptoethanol into the cell lysis buffers, which could eliminate the interference impurities such as phenols, pigments, et al. Total RNA isolated by this method was of high quality with a full strip, and the result of RT-PCR indicated that it was able to be used for later molecular manipulations.

  Effects of Three Plant Growth Retardants on Flowering Characteristics of Phalaenopsis Variety‘Big chili’ 2017, 33 (10):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080040 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 554KB )   ( 414 ) The paper aims to analyze the effects of 3 plant growth retardants (BAS, CCC, PP333) on flowering characteristics of Phalaenopsis, Phalaenopsis variety‘Big chili’was selected as the research material with 5 different concentration treatments. The result showed that: (1) paclobutrazol (PP333) with different concentrations could reduce the height of Phalaenopsis peduncle effectively, up to 7 cm with the concentration of 250 mg/L, BAS and CCC had no significant effect on peduncle height; (2) the three plant growth retardants with different concentrations were slightly positive to the length of inflorescence, PP333 and BAS were positive to the flower quantity, but CCC was not; (3) the three retardants all had slightly positive effect on flower diameter.

  Overall Evaluation of Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb) C.Y.WU Based on Grey Relational Analysis and DTOPSIS 2017, 33 (10):  92-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090143 Abstract + ( 785 )   PDF ( 811KB )   ( 462 ) To select high quality germplasm resources of Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb) C.Y.WU, 15 germplasm resources ofC. spicatus (Thunb) C.Y.WU were evaluated by grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS. The result showed that the order of correlation grade valueri of each character in the overall evaluation ofC. spicatus (Thunb) C.Y.WU based on grey relational analysis was as follows: ursolic acid content >dry leaf weight/ stem weight ratio >rosmarinic acid content> stem height > stem diameter > plant dry weight. The result also showed that germplasm Cs8, Cs2, Cs15 were ranked as the top three, indicating that they had the best comprehensive traits, closest to the ideal germplasm, and these germplasm should be considered preferentially for further breeding. The grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS analysis gave a different overall evaluation result, and the biggest difference of the weighting correlation grade valueri’in grey relational analysis was only 23.27%, the difference was not obvious among germplasm. The biggest difference of Ci value in DTOPSIS using the weighting value ωk of grey relational analysis was 55.33%, the difference was obvious, the result of DTOPSIS should be considered preferentially.

  Application of Plant Growth Regulators in Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation 2017, 33 (10):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090067 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 521KB )   ( 684 ) Plant growth regulators are a kind of synthetic organic compounds with plant hormone activity, and have significant regulatory role on plant growth and development. It can be divided into plant growth promoter, plant growth retardants and plant growth inhibitor three categories. Chinese medicinal material is a special kind of crop, plant growth regulators have been widely applied in cultivation of medicinal plant, and get good economic. This study conducted a comprehensive review of the application of plant growth on medicinal plants and existing problems. Furthermore, it pointed out the research contents in the future so that to provide basis and reference for the scientific use of plant growth regulators. It laid the foundation for ensuring medication safety of traditional Chinese medicine and promoting the healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials planting industry.

  Ecological Response of Nutrient Properties of Paddy Field to Different Tillage Practices 2017, 33 (10):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050149 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 493 ) In order to have a deeper understanding about the effect of different tillage modes on paddy field, based on previous studies, the effects of different tillage modes including no-tillage, plow tillage etc. on soil physical properties, chemical properties and biological properties were summarized. The soil physical properties included soil bulk density, porosity, aggregate, moisture and temperature; the chemical properties included contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic material and trace elements; and the biological properties included microorganism amount and enzyme activity. The advantages and disadvantages of different tillage modes were analyzed. Finally, several suggestions were put forward for the reasonable regulation of paddy soil, such as choosing favorable tillage modes according to local weather, soil condition and cultivation modes; reasonably applying rotation tillage, alternatively applying no-tillage, plow tillage and rotary tillage; combing applying green manure and organic fertilizer and carrying out water-saving cultivation mode.

  Climate Change Features of Precipitation and Production Countermeasures: In Critical Period of Spring Ploughing and Spring Sowing in East Gansu 2017, 33 (10):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050113 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 602KB )   ( 491 ) The paper aims to study the climate change features of precipitation during the critical period of spring ploughing spring sowing and pruduction countermeasure, the authors used the precipitation records during late March to mid-April from 1952 to 2015 in Xifeng meteorological station and the observation data during the growth period of corn from 1990 to 2015 in Xifeng agrometeorological experiment station, adopted the climate tendency coefficient and correlation methods to analyze the yearly change characteristics of precipitation during late March to mid-April which was the appropriate critical period of soil water utilization of spring ploughing spring sowing in dry area. The results showed that: the probability of less total precipitation during late March to mid-April reached up to 54.7%; the probability of less total precipitation in early April was greater than that in late March and mid April. For achieving maximum scientific exploitation and utilization of soil thawing accumulation water in spring and precipitation climate resources before late March, we should complete to apply base fertilizer and plastic film covering in late March, rather than complete the compound spring sowing machine with applying base fertilizer, plastic film covering and sowing corns by one time during 18 to 25, April which was the stage fitting in fall crops’ sowing time in dry area, to avoide the loss of soil water evaporation in the early stage of sowing.

  Indirect Economic Loss Estimation of Inter-industrial Sectors: Triggered from Agricultural Economic Loss Induced from Haze in Beijing 2017, 33 (10):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120017 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 595KB )   ( 581 ) Haze disaster has caused serious losses to agricultural production and evaluation of haze impact has important value and significance. To estimate the economic losses caused by haze pollution, this paper utilized demand- driven and supply- driven input- output (IO) model to estimate the monetary value of economic sectors’losses resulting from reduced agricultural output caused by PM2.5 in Beijing in 2012. The results showed that: (1) agricultural direct economic losses caused by haze were 4154.985 million RMB and agricultural indirect economic losses calculated from the demand or supply side were 5516.48439 million RMB (accounting for 13.94% of GDP in agriculture) in Beijing in 2012; (2) the total demand-driven economic losses of 13139.20404 million RMB (approximately 0.735% of the national GDP) and total supply-driven loss of 25172.72698 million RMB (approximately 1.408% of the national GDP) were caused by agricultural output loss resulting from PM2.5 air pollution in 2012. The results indicated that indirect economic losses caused by haze were greater than direct economic losses and Beijing’s regional economy might have been affected more seriously through supply-driven effects compared with the impacts caused by the demand-driven effects. The developed IO model is able to capture both direct economic costs and indirect cascading effects throughout inter- industrial production demand and supply chains and provide an alternative method for sector loss measurement with additional insights into inter-industry along production demand and supply chains.

  Spatio-temporal Change of Evaporation: Hunan, 1981-2013 贺新光 2017, 33 (10):  125-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040115 Abstract + ( 663 )   PDF ( 2371KB )   ( 304 ) The paper aims to reveal the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of evaporation in Hunan. Based on daily evaporation data observed from 1981 to 2013, the spatio-temporal change, mutation test and trends of annual and seasonal evaporation were discussed by using the linear regression, moving arithmetic average, cumulative anomaly, Mann-Kendall test and R/S analysis. The results showed that: (1) the annual evaporation presented a fluctuant increasing tendency in the 33 years, the evaporation change trends of spring, autumn and winter were similar and determined the change of the annual evaporation; (2) the evaporation in Hunan mainly concentrated in summer, in terms of the spatial distribution, the change of decadal evaporation had obvious regional characteristics; the annual and seasonal evaporation showed a decreasing tendency from the southeast to the northwest; (3) the results of M-K mutation analysis revealed that: spring, autumn, winter and annual evaporation presented an increasing tendency except summer, the abrupt change of evaporation occurred in spring, 2000 and autumn, 1983, respectively; (4) the results of R/S analysis showed that the annual evaporation presented a strongly positive persistence, and the evaporation in spring was most significant.

  Occurrence of Bradysia odoriphaga on Chinese Chives Under Different Protected Cultivations and Its Influencing Environmental Factors 2017, 33 (10):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060095 Abstract + ( 708 )   PDF ( 892KB )   ( 317 ) Protected cultivation in winter has been the main cropping pattern of Chinese chives in north China. The chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga(Diptera: Sciaridae), is the major pest that damages Chinese chives. [Objective] To definite the occurrence regularity of B.odoriphaga in different protected cultivations and explore the main occurrence environmental factors. [Method] we monitored the annual occurrence of B. odoriphaga, the environmental temperature and humidity in 3 main protected cultivations of Chinese chives in Shandong Province. [Result]The occurrence results showed that there was significant difference in occurrence among small, middle arch shed, and sunlight greenhouse of B.odoriphaga during cultivation. In small arch shed, B.odoriphaga did the least loss. In the early period of covering with plastic film (the middle December), there was the only one period in which resurgent overwintering larvae occurred seriously; In middle arch shed, B.odoriphaga did less loss, the resurgent overwintering and first generation larvaes occurred seriously in the early period and late February, respectively; In sunlight greenhouse, B.odoriphaga occurred once a month which did the most serious loss. In dormant period after turning over, B.odoriphaga occurred seriously in spring and autumn, but lighter in summer. The results of environment monitoring showed that it was sunlight greenhouse, middle and small arch shed in order of soil temperature from high to low, and the soil temperature not humidity was the main factor which influenced the occurrence of B.odoriphaga in the 3 kinds of protected cultivations. [Conclusion] The study provides the theoretical support for the occurrence prediction and control strategy of B.odoriphaga in 3 main protected cultivations of Chinese chives in Shandong Province.

  Design and Test of 4SY-2.2 Rape Windrower 谢伟,,, and 向伟 2017, 33 (10):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110127 Abstract + ( 802 )   PDF ( 1048KB )   ( 647 ) Aiming at the low quality of rape straw laying, which could result in the uncontrollable afterripening and great lost of pick- up value, the 4SY- 2.2 rape windrower was designed to achieve dividing, cutting, conveying and laying operation. The authors analyzed the movement process of rape straw on and out of the cutting platform, and then determined the essential condition for smooth convey and cast of rape straw. The analysis of the movement curve of the dropping rape straw showed that the rape laying angel was related with its own biologic characteristics, windrower structural parameters and motion parameters. Field experiments showed that the laying of rape was orderly after windrower operation, the average value of laying angel was 48.4°, the average layer height was 511.6 mm and the width was 797.8 mm, the average height of the cutting stubble was 365.5 mm. It indicated that the laying quality could reach the requirement of after-ripening and pick-up operation.

  Design and Application of Bulk Curing Barn Waste Heat Recycling System 2017, 33 (10):  146-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110102 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 630KB )   ( 353 ) The waste heat during curing stage was recycled and re-used, which was able to achieve the purpose of emission-reduction and energy-saving, and reduce the cost of baking. The waste heat recycling system of flue gas in tobacco bulk barn was designed and a contrast experiment was carried out for the baking tobacco leaves between the improved bulk curing barn and the conventional bulk curing barn. The results showed that, the system had obvious coal- saving effect, its average coal consumption for 1 kg dry tobacco leaves was 1.015 kg, being 0.362 kg and 26.29% less than the conventional bulk curing barn, the improved bulk curing barn could save the cost by 0.33 yuan/kg, and its cost-saving rate was 19.88%. In addition, the appearance quality, grade structure and average price of flue-cured tobacco leaves were slightly improved than those of control-cured barn, especially, the quality of tobacco leaves was not affected in the bulk curing-barn.

  Isolation and Identification of a High Bacteriocin-producing Lactic Acid Bacterium 葛菁萍 2017, 33 (10):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060059 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 1237KB )   ( 522 ) order to meet the market demand of bacteriocin and reduce the production cost, screening a high bacteriocin-producing bacterium and applying it to food production has become the focus of current research. In this study, a lactic acid bacterium 11MZ-5-2 with high bacteriocin-producing ability was isolated from liquid sample of pickle Chinese cabbage. The bacteriocin titer of strain 11MZ-5-2 was (344.47±5.50) IU/mL after 48 h fermentation. Strain 11MZ-5-2 was identified according to physiological and biochemical methods. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on its partial 16S rDNA sequence. The results showed that strain 11MZ-5-2 was a kind of rod gram-positive bacterium with no spores, the optimum temperature range was 30-37℃ and the salt-tolerance range was 0%-10%, and the optimum pH range was 5.5-6.5. The main aliphatic acid components of strain 11MZ-5-2 were C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1. The partial sequence of the 16S rDNA of strain 11MZ-5-2 was 1446 bp which was 99% similar withLactobacillus plantarum IDCC 3501. Strain 11MZ-5-2 was identified asL. plantarum .L. plantarum 11MZ-5-2 could be applied as a starter culture in food fermentation. Furthermore, the bacteriocins produced byL. plantarum 11MZ-5-2 could be used as preservatives in food to prevent bacterial pollution and prolong the shelf-life.

  Extraction Techniques and Comprehensive Utilization of Pomelo Peel 2017, 33 (10):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050143 Abstract + ( 919 )   PDF ( 627KB )   ( 549 ) Pomelo peel is rich in active components such as pectin, flavonoids, limonoids, dietary fiber and essential oil, and has a good application prospect in food, pharmaceutical, chemical and other industries. Pomelo has large yield and many varieties in China, the resources of pomelo peel are abundant but not utilized sufficiently. In order to improve the utilization of pomelo peel and upgrade the pomelo industry, extraction techniques for main components of pomelo peel were summarized in this review. Besides, comprehensive utilization of sugar preservation, fermentation, preparation for adsorbent, and other recent progress in pomelo peel at home and abroad were introduced. Meanwhile, ideas for further study were put forward to improve the extraction techniques of pomelo peel in China: (1) the extraction and utilization of limonin, nomolin, nootkatone and other functional components should be carried out; (2) the separation and purification technology of pomelo peel extract must be strengthened; (3) the application of new extraction techniques and equipment in production should be accelerated; (4) the advantages of regional varieties should be taken into account in extraction.