Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.9 Published:28 March 2017

  Influences of Different Ratios ofBase and Top-dressing Fertilizer on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation of Double Season Rice in Hunan Province 聂凌利,何杰,李翊君,张文,莫博程 and 敖和军 2017, 33 (9):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120016 Abstract + ( 1050 )   PDF ( 490KB )   ( 396 ) To investigate the influences of different ratios of base and top-dressing fertilizer on yield and dry matter accumulation of double season rice in Hunan province, using ‘Xiangzaoxian32hao’ and ‘Zhongjiazao17’ as early rice variety, ‘Xiangwanxian12hao’ and ‘Wuyou308’ as late rice variety, field experiment was carried out by six different ratios of basal and top-dressing fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment.The result showed that fertilization could increase rice yield than non-fertilization by 16.07%-91.33%.The highest yield were occurred in ratio of 8:2:0:0 in ‘Zhongjiazao17’ as 7497.00 kg/ha in early rice and the ratio of 6:2:2:0 in ‘Wuyou308’ as 9387.90 kg/ha in late rice.The dry matter accumulation with ratio of 4:3:3:0 in early and late rice were higher than others,which was a proper fertilization mode to accumulate dry matter in rice.The root,stem,leaf and panicle weights of former-lower-latter-higher fertilization mode were significantly lower than other treatments,since root and stem weights of ratio of 0:5:3:2 were lower than others by 9.72%-63.84and 6.42%-27.82% which means latter fertilization could have a declination in the dry matter accumulation of rice.Therefore, in Hunan area,tillering was promoted in condition of more base and tillering fertilizer in early rice, and heavy base and tillering fertilizer with suitable panicle fertilizer could increase the number of spikelets per unit area and the seed setting rate in late rice, which could obtain high yield of double season rice.

  Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Root Growth of Super Rice‘Shenliangyou 5814’ at Booting Stage 2017, 33 (9):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120091 Abstract + ( 1008 )   PDF ( 569KB )   ( 347 ) To explore the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on root growth of super rice at the booting stage, a pot experiment method was performed on super rice placed in a translucent and ventilated greenhouse. The soil moisture contents were measured by using a soil moisture meter, different degrees of regulated deficit irrigation treatments were conducted on super rice at the booting stage based on soil moisture. The degrees of regulated deficit were labelled as Group A, B and C based on their rates against field moisture capacity, respectively at 80%-70%, 70%-60% and 60%-50%, to be compared with a control group CK as flood irrigation. Regulated deficit irrigation facilitates the root growth of super rice at the booting stage, enabling the root-shoot ratio to be significantly higher than that of full irrigation. A measurement of root activity on different treatment groups indicates that root activities of groups undergoing regulated deficit irrigation treatment are significantly higher than those of the full irrigation group, with treatment group B presenting the highest activity. The results of root scanning analysis indicate that a variety of root characteristic indicators of Group A and B are higher than those of Group C, while all indicators of the three treatment groups are higher than those of Group CK. The regulated deficit treatment on super rice at the booting stage is able to reduce the volume of water for irrigation effectively, and achieve optimal effects on root growth when water deficit amounts to 60% to 70% of the field moisture capacity.

  Cultivation Techniques and Breeding of New Waxy Corn Variety‘Suke Nuo 6’ 2017, 33 (9):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110101 Abstract + ( 1319 )   PDF ( 518KB )   ( 482 ) To meet the needs of production and market requirement of fresh waxy corn, a new color waxy corn variety‘Suke Nuo 6’with good-quality, high-yield and multi-resistance was bred by the Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Using inbred line‘JS09116’as the female parent and inbred line‘JS04388’as the male parent, a single-cross variety was made and tested in the Jiangsu regional trial in 2011-2013. The average yield of 2-year regional trial was 11184.0 kg/hm2, which was 1.9% less than that of‘Suyu Nuo 5’(CK), and the average yield of productive test was 11160 kg/hm2, 7.9% higher than that of ‘Suyu Nuo 5’(CK). The quality of‘Suke Nuo 6’was better than‘Suyu Nuo 5’(CK). The results of artificial inoculation for major diseases showed that‘Suke Nuo 6’had high resistance to stem rot, resistance to leaf blight, sheath blight and moderate resistance to rough dwarf disease.‘Suke Nuo 6’also possessed the characters of good quality, bright color, high yield, multiple resistances.‘Suke Nuo 6’was licensed by Jiangsu Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2014 and was suitable for planting in Jiangsu Province. The suitable cultivation techniques should be used to guarantee both quality and yield of fresh ears, thus to achieve high yield and high efficiency.

  Drought Stress on Different Maize Inbred Lines at Germination Stage 2017, 33 (9):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120083 Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 602KB )   ( 433 ) Seed germination period is an important period of plant growth, but also to evaluate the drought resistance.In order to clarify the drought resistance of different maize inbred lines, 254 germplasm maize inbred lines at germination stage were treated with PEG under simulated drought condition.The germination index，germination rate, root number, root fresh weight, root dry weight, stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, root length and seedling height were measured. The relative index was used to identify the seed of different inbred lines drought resistance at germination period.The results showed that seed germination of maize inbred lines was inhibited under PEG6000 stress.The relative indexes of all traits were significantly or very significantly correlated with the comprehensive drought resistance of the cultivars.Drought resistance of different inbred lines were significantly different. Through the membership function method combined with drought resistance grading criteria, 99 medium drought-resistant materials were screened.Therefore, the method can be used as a simple method to identify maize inbred line drought resistance at germination stage.

  Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate and Period on Yield and Quality of Winemaking Glutinous Sorghum 2017, 33 (9):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080026 Abstract + ( 903 )   PDF ( 471KB )   ( 445 ) To study the optimal nitrogen application rate and period for synergistic improvement of yield and quality of glutinous sorghum, make reasonable cultivation measures and provide theoretical basis for high yield and quality, main varieties in southwest region including‘Lumuo 8’and‘Luzhou Red 1’were used as experimental material, three application levels of nitrogen (N 75, 120, 165 kg/hm2, P 75 kg/hm2 and K 112.5 kg/hm2) and four nitrogen application periods (turning green fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: panicle fertilizer of 0.2:0.2:0.6, 0.2:0.6:0.2, 0.3:0.7:0 and 0.6:0.2:0.2) were designed to study the effect of nitrogen application rate and period on yield and quality of winemaking glutinous sorghum in field conditions. The results showed that in the range of nitrogen fertilization 75-120 kg/hm2, grain yield increased significantly with the increase of N application rate, the increase was not significant when N application rate was more than 120 kg/hm2. The yield of the two varieties reached the highest with the treatment of 0.2:0.6:0.2,‘Lumuo 8’was 8005.5 kg/hm2 and‘Luzhou Red 1’was 6421.1 kg/hm2, but the difference was not significant, the crude protein content increased significantly with the increase of N application rate. While crude starch first increased then decreased with the increase of N application rate, and reached the highest at 120 kg/hm2 N application rate. Nitrogen application period and tannin content had highly significant difference, but it was not significant to the other 4 quality indexes. Under this experiment condition, the optimal N application rate was 120 kg/hm2 and application period for the green fertilizer: jointing fertilizer: panicle fertilizer was 0.2:0.6:0.2.

  Application and Prospects of Plant Growth Regulator on Sugar Crops 2017, 33 (9):  27-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070058 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 445KB )   ( 403 ) The paper aims to investigate the development and scientific application of plant growth regulator on sugar crops, and main researches of plant growth regulator application on sugar crops at seed germination stage, seedling growth stage, yield formation stage and sugar accumulating stage at home and abroad in recent years were summarized. The researches showed that: plant growth regulator had positive function in constructing plant ideotype, increasing plant stresses resistance and improving quality and quantity. However, there were some shortages on the mechanism research of plant growth regulator, especially the interaction relationship among different plant growth regulators and the potential toxic effect. It was necessary to lay more emphasis on combined application of plant growth regulators and potential safety problems in future research to provide a scientific basis for the healthy development of sugar industry.

  Cold Resistance of Transgenic Alfalfa with CpFATB Gene 2017, 33 (9):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100074 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 560KB )   ( 358 ) The aims are to clarify the expression characteristics and physiological function of CpFATB (Chimonanthus praecox chloroplast acyl-ACP thioesterase) in alfalfa, and obtain the cold resistance resources of alfalfa for breeding. CpFATB gene was transferred to‘Longmu 806’,‘WL319HQ’,‘Zhaodong’by agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the ability of cold resistance of the third GMOs’generation was tested. The results showed that the germination rate and simple vigor index of SP3 generation were significantly higher than that of the control, and that of T‘Longmu 806’was the highest which achieved 87.79% and 208.19. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of transgenic CpFATB plant were lower than that of the control; the soluble sugar, soluble protein and free proline were significantly higher than that of the control; the plant height and branch number had no significant difference between transgenic CpFATB plant and the control; the overwinter rate was significantly greater than that of the control, and the overwinter rate of T ‘Longma 806’was the highest which reached 96.60%. CpFATB gene promoted seed germination of‘Longma 806’,‘WL319HQ’and‘Zhaodong’SP3 generation, while inhibited the chlorophyll biosynthesis. It promoted accumulation of soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline before overwinter, enhanced the activities of POD and SOD, and then improved the overwinter rate of alfalfa, which indicated that CpFATB gene improved the ability of cold resistance of alfalfa.

  Purity Identification of‘Zhongtian cuixue’Melon Hybrid with SSR Markers 2017, 33 (9):  37-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080106 Abstract + ( 705 )   PDF ( 969KB )   ( 619 ) The aim is to select SSR primers for identifying the purity and reality of melon hybrid. Eighteen high- polymorphic SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) primers were used for polymorphic screening between ‘Zhongtian cuixue’and the parents, and the verification was conducted in cross population. Thirteen SSR primers produced polymorphic bands between two parents. After repeats, we screened two primers which had polymorphism among parents, had polymorphic bands of female and male parent in the hybrid. The results of SSR identification in hybrids were the same as morphological identification in field. RF151 and RF144 could be used as the specific primer to identify the purity of hybrid－‘Zhongtian cuixue’. Because SSR markers have co-dominance traits, SSR is an important method for purity identification of hybrid.

  Redundancy Analysis Between Microbes Distribution and Ecological Factors in Different Orchard Soil 2017, 33 (9):  41-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050137 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 620KB )   ( 671 ) The paper aims to understand the distribution of microbes in different orchard soil around Harbin, and the relationship between microbes distribution and soil and enzyme properties, microorganisms in 7 different soil samples collected were separated and counted with different culture, the physical and chemical properties of soil and the contents of 6 enzymes were detected concurrently. The results showed that: the microbial quantity and distribution in soil were affected by the difference of soil property and enzyme activity; PCA analysis showed little variation among the soil samples in Mingxing, Changsheng, Wujia and Heping orchard; similarly, samples from Hashan, Wangjia and Hafei orchard showed no obvious diversity; further RDA analysis showed that the major factors affecting microbial quantity and distribution included the soil conductivity, available phosphorus, organic matter and ammonium nitrogen in soil, as well as the phosphatase and sucrase activity. This study provided data for soil microbes investigation and laid a foundation for orchard soil renewal work in the future.

  Research Progress of Ecological Functions of Broad-spectrum Plant Endophytic Fungi Phomopsis liquidambari 2017, 33 (9):  48-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050129 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 726KB )   ( 600 ) The aim is to clarify Phomopsis liquidambari having the potential to become one of broad-spectrum endophytic fungi type strain, which helps promoting the study between endophytic fungi and host plant systematization and completion. This article reviews the effect of the broad-spectrum plant endophytic fungi P. liquidambari in improving the soil chemical properties, repairing contaminated soil, optimizing agricultural ecology and increasing crop yields. From three aspects: endophytic fungi colonization, host plant physiology responses and differences in soil environment optimization, we compare this strain with Piriformospora indica, which is more popular at present. At last, we discuss the research prospect of P. liquidambari.

  Optimized Technique of Reducing Pollution by Appling Organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer of Biogas Residues on Vegetables 2017, 33 (9):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110121 Abstract + ( 717 )   PDF ( 508KB )   ( 331 ) Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of Biogas Residues is a new granular fertilizer with two-layer structure. This study, through field experiment, was to explore the appropriate amount of this new fertilizer on vegetables and the optimization techniques to further reduce leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetable fields. The results indicated that, the combined application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of Biogas Residues would significantly increase yields of head cabbage, leaf mustard and water spinach. Under the experimental conditions, the optimum amount of combined application of organic matter of biogas residue for head cabbage and leaf mustard was 600kg/hm2, while for water spinach 450kg/ hm2. When combined application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of Biogas Residues, appropriate amount and ratio of potash fertilizer would further improve the yield of head cabbage and water spinach, as well as significantly lower concentration of nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil column of water percolation. Best ratio of N:P2O5:K2O for head cabbage and water spinach were 1:0.3:1.3 and 1:0.5:0.7 respectively. At leaf mustard and head cabbage rotation system, the recommended fertilizer mode of chemical fertilizer combined with biogas residues increased yields by 5.1% and 11.9% respectively compared with conventional fertilization, and increase net income by 3.9% and 11.5% respectively; total apparent digestibility of nitrogen and phosphorus for double-cropping vegetables had an average increase of 12.5% and 12.4%, while the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus in soil column of water percolation was only 53.3% and 84.6% compared to conventional fertilization. The results provide a scientific basis for application of the new organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of Biogas Residues.

  Effects of Different Kinds of Fertilizers on the Occurrence of Bradysia odoriphage 2017, 33 (9):  64-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050180 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 484 ) To understand the effect of fertilization on the occurrence of Bradysia odoriphage, and provide basis for its ecological control, we conducted laboratory and filed experiments on 8 kinds of fertilizers to understand their effect on the occurrence of Bradysia odoriphage, and screened fertilizers which could significantly inhabit the occurrence of the pest. The mode of action was also defined. The potting experiment showed that lime nitrogen, biogas slurry and tongzhuang could significantly control Bradysia odoriphage and had certain lasting period; on the first day, the population decline rate under liquid lime nitrogen, biogas slurry and tongzhuang was 81.6%, 85.0% and 78.7%, respectively; on the sixth day, the population decline rate was 71.3%, 44.6% and 40.3% , respectively. Laboratory experiment showed that biogas slurry and tongzhuang had significant repellent rate of oviposition. These fertilizers showed excellent insecticidal effect. There was a significant effect on the occurrence of Bradysia odoriphage and the population decline rate was 72.0%, 69.9% and 61.5%, respectively, when applying lime nitrogen, biogas slurry and tongzhuang to filed under recommend dosage in the occurrence of adults. These 3 kinds of fertilizers could be used in ecological control.

  Research Advances in Cherry Diseases and Pests 2017, 33 (9):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050090 Abstract + ( 640 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 493 ) Cherry is a fine variety of early ripening fruit tree. With the expansion of cherry cultivation acreage, various diseases and pests become the main factor that restricts the yield and quality of fruit. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of main plant diseases and pests of cherry in recent years, and summarized the occurrence regularity and control methods of the pests and diseases. Analyses were conducted on the diseases and pests that harmed different parts of fruit trees in large cherry’s growth cycle, and different types of control characteristics and applicable methods were summarized. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of diseases and pests on large cherry, and a possible direction for future research.

  Effect of Phosphorus on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Tomato 2017, 33 (9):  74-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060107 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 501KB )   ( 366 ) In order to study the effect of phosphorus supply on growth and nutrient uptake of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), four phosphorus application levels (0, 0.165, 0.660 and 3.300 mmol/L H2PO4-) were conducted in this study by water planting. The results indicated that the tomato biomass was affected by phosphorus deficiency, low phosphorus and high phosphorus; POD, MDA and relative conductivity of leaf were significantly increased in phosphorus deficiency treatment, and the plant was small and thin, the leaf color changed to purple, which showed obvious phosphorus deficiency symptom. The P content in root, stem and leaf of tomato increased with the increase of phosphorus application level, low phosphorus increased the transfer ratio of phosphorus to the ground, and high phosphorus increased P accumulation in the root; K and Ca uptake of tomato were significantly reduced in low phosphorus treatment, the transportation of root K, Ca and Mg to ground was affected by high phosphorus treatment.

  Dynamic Study on Soluble Sugar and Gentiopicroside Content in Different Organs of Gentiana triflora Pall. 2017, 33 (9):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110157 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 675KB )   ( 426 ) To study the seasonal accumulation regularity of soluble sugar and gentiopicroside of Gentiana triflora, the contents of soluble sugar and gentiopicroside in different organs were determined with the method of anthrone colorimetry and the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar and gentiopicroside in different organs of G. triflora presented fluctuation according to developmental stages. The differences of soluble sugar content in different organs were obvious. Soluble sugar contents in underground organs were the highest. During the whole developmental period, soluble sugar content increased at the beginning and then decreased. Meanwhile, soluble sugar content maintained at a higher level during its dormancy stage. Gentiopicroside content was the highest in the underground organs, followed by stem, flower, and leaf with the sequences from high to low. The two high accumulated peaks were found respectively in early July and middle of October in the underground organs. During the seasonal development period, the changes of soluble sugar and gentiopicroside in the underground organs of G. triflora showed a negative correlation, and the negative correlation was more obvious from plant germination to the early stage of fruit development. Therefore, the best harvest time of G. triflora would be in the early and middle of October. The contents of soluble sugar and gentiopicroside showed some correlations during entire development period.

  Change Characteristics of Comfort Index of Human Body: In Yellow River Valley of Qinghai in Recent 55 Years 2017, 33 (9):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050085 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 609KB )   ( 571 ) In order to evaluate tourism climate resources value of Guide County in the Yellow River Valley of Qinghai and to ensure an healthy and sustainable development of tourism industry, based on the daily meteorological data observed by Guide County meteorological station from 1961 to 2015, the change characteristics of comfort index of human body and their influence factors were analyzed. The results indicated that: the main comfort degrees in the Yellow River Valley were frigid, cold, cool, pleasantly cool and comfortable, the overall character was cold and cool; there were significant differences of annual average days of each degree; January and December were the most uncomfortable months, while July was the most comfortable month, followed by August and June; ICHB increased significantly in the Yellow River Valley from 1961 to 2015, ICHB of four seasons increased significantly; seasonal differences of ICHB were significant, the relationship of each season was summer＞autumn＞spring＞winter.

  Path Analysis of Water Surface Evaporation with Temperature and Precipitation: Changwu from 1979 to 2008 2017, 33 (9):  89-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050134 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 428 ) To reveal the effect of meteorological factors on water surface evaporation and determine main meteorological factors affecting water surface evaporation, the authors used correlation analysis and path analysis to analyze the relationship between water surface evaporation and other meteorological factors during 1979-2008 in Changwu. The results showed that: the variation coefficient of each meteorological factor was in suitable scope, which was in the following trend: temperature (CV=0.06) ＜water surface evaporation (CV=0.12) ＜precipitation (CV=0.24); there were correlations between water surface evaporation and other meteorological factors, and the correlation coefficients followed an order: temperature (r=0.930)＞precipitation (r=0.765); as to the direct effect of path analysis, the influence of temperature on water surface evaporation was more significant, while the influence of the precipitation was small, and showed a negative effect; from the perspective of the indirect effect of path analysis, precipitation had effect on evaporation which was mainly affected by the average temperature. The influence of precipitation on water surface evaporation was mainly affected by temperature which was determined as the main factor.

  Flash Flood in Shiyang River Basin: Disaster Characteristics and Forecasting Method 2017, 33 (9):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080024 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 925KB )   ( 296 ) To reveal the distribution of local flash flood disasters in arid areas, and discuss its forecasting methods, the authors analyzed the characteristics of flash flood disaster and constructed disaster risk evaluation model of the Shiyang River Basin by using its precipitation, flash flood disasters and disaster situation data. The results showed that: the flash flood disaster presented an increasing trend, and its high risk areas were mainly distributed in the Qilian Mountains line and the Wushaoling’s north and south sides in the upstream, the risks from Tianzhu upstream to Minqin downstream gradually reduced; flash flood mainly concentrated in April-September, and that in July accounted for 42.6% of the total number of occurrences; the occurrence time of flash flood and heavy precipitation was consistent; the ecological fragile Liangzhou was the most serious disaster region. Good forecast effect could be achieved by using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, conventional elements and the climate monitoring index, with stepwise decreasing FAR and the optimal subset regression method to forecast precipitation and flash flood trend from short-term, medium and long-term precipitation trends and heavy rain date.

  Air Anion Concentration: Difference in Different Underlying Surfaces in Mohe 2017, 33 (9):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120071 Abstract + ( 626 )   PDF ( 487KB )   ( 356 ) To study whether there is a significant difference in the concentration of air anion in different underlying surfaces, we comparatively analyzed 6 different underlying surfaces in the Arctic village of Mohe including coniferous forest (sylvestris), broad-leaved forest (birch), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (camphor mixed), wetlands, grassland and open space. Each observation area was selected for each underlying surface to measure the air anion concentration, a total of 6 observation areas. In the local observation air anion concentration data, outliers were filtered and removed. We used SPSS to analyze the difference of air anion concentration in different underlying surfaces. The results showed that: there were significant differences in air anion concentration in 6 different underlying surfaces, and anion concentration from high to low were coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, broad-leaved forest, wetlands, grassland and open space. The air quality of coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest reached the highest level of cleanliness, and that of wetland and broad-leaved forest reached the level of cleanliness.

  Agricultural Climate Resources: Variation Characteristics in the River Source Region of Eastern Tibet in Recent 36 Years 2017, 33 (9):  106-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120095 Abstract + ( 641 )   PDF ( 1049KB )   ( 341 ) The study aims to understand the variation characteristics of agricultural climate resources in the river source region of eastern Tibet, and to provide references for government departments to rationally utilize climate resources. Using the daily temperature, sunshine hours and precipitation data in the river source region of eastern Tibet from 1980 to 2015, we analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of temperature, sunshine hours and precipitation and the impacts of climate change on agriculture in recent 36 years by the application of linear-trend estimate, Mann-Kendall method and so on. The results showed that: the variation trend of annual mean temperature, sunshine hours and precipitation increased at a rate of about 0.38℃/10 a, 22.2 h/10 a, 9.4 mm/10 a, respectively, in the river source region of eastern Tibet; the annual and seasonal mean temperature had the same variation trend, sunshine hours and precipitation presented annual and seasonal differences in different weather stations; the change rate of precipitation in spring was the largest, and that in summer was the least; for temperature≥0℃, the beginning date was advanced, the ending date was postponed, and the lasting days and the accumulated temperature steadily increased. In conclusion, the change of agricultural climate resources will have a huge impact on agricultural development in the river source region of eastern Tibet.

  Different Effects on Growth Characteristics of Tobacco Plants Infested by Bemisia tabaci Biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum 2017, 33 (9):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050092 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 523KB )   ( 310 ) The paper objective is to compare the effect of growth characteristic of tobacco after feeding by Bemisia tabaci Biotype B and Trialeurodes vaporariorum respectively on tobacco plants, and to determine the difference defense response of tobacco plants and temporal effect by two whitefly induced, and to explore its role in interspecific competition between B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum and its possible mechanism. The difference effects of growth characteristic of tobacco after feeding different times by B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum respectively get though using ruler measurement and oven drying weighing method. The results showed that the significant difference of tobacco growth and exist temporal effect after feeding by B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum, respectively, under the whitefly population density of reached plant induced defense. Compared with the control of tobacco, the tobacco feeding by B. tabaci had no negative effects on growth for 5 d, and but had negative effects on plant growth start for 10 d after feeding by B. tabaci and had gradually increase the adverse effects of tobacco follow the extension of B. tabaci feeding time. The tobacco plants height were decreased by 6.9 cm and 8.5 cm, and the average internode were decreased by 0.6cm and 0.53cm, and the leaf number of tobacco plants was decreased by 2.1 leaf/plant and 2.6 leaf/plant, and the dry weight of per unit areas were decreased by 0.99 mg/cm2 and 1.01 mg/cm2 after previous feeding by B. tabaci for 15 d and 20 d, respectively. The tobacco feeding different times by T. vaporariorum had no negative effects. Compared with tobacco after feeding by T. vaporariorum, B. tabaci feeding tobacco can induce specific inhibition responses, B. tabaci -elicited declines in growth may result from the re-allocation of resources from growth to defense.

  Main Tobacco Diseases and Insect Pests in Aphidius gifuensis Production: Screen of Prevention and Control Measures 2017, 33 (9):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120081 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 561KB )   ( 305 ) To screen high efficient measures for preventing and controlling main tobacco diseases and insect pests during the production of Aphidius gifuensis, we carried out greenhouse experiments to study the effects of 5 different sizes nylon meshes, 20 single chemical agents and 3 mixing agents on preventing and controlling of main tobacco diseases and insects pests, and their impacts on the breeding of Aphidius gifuensis. Results showed that: (1) nylon net with 70 meshes and 6% Spinetoram 2000 times could effectively control Liriomyza, Thrip Cyrtopeltistenuis (Reuter), Prodenia litura (Fabricius), Hyperpara sitic parasitism and Syrphidae; (2) the mixing agents of 2% Oligosaccharins 800 times and 0.3% Calcium superphosphate solution could effectively control tobacco mosaic virus and tomato spotted wilt virus; (3) 6% Spinetoram plus 24% Myclobutanil (1:1) 2000 times and 25% Azoxystrobin 1500 times could effectively control powdery mildew; (4) the mixing agents of 6% Pseudomonas florescence, 2% Naphthylacetic acid wettable powder (WP) and 25% Metalaxyl WP could effectively control tobacco black shank and Thielaviopsis basicola. In conclusion, the above measures had little effects on Aphidius gifuensis.

  Effect of Environmental Estrogens Methomyl on Reproductive System 2017, 33 (9):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050097 Abstract + ( 618 )   PDF ( 531KB )   ( 418 ) Methomyl is a kind of pesticides which is widely used as carbamate insecticide, meanwhile it belongs to estrogenic endocrine disruptors that is environmental estrogens. Environmental estrogens have serious threat to the ecological environment and human health, the authors briefly reviewed the effect of methoyl on biological reproductive organization structure, reproductive function, the activity of reproductive enzyme and apoptosis of germ cells and so on, and proposed the direction for further research, which had great significance to further understanding the harm of methoyl reproductive toxicity, taking measures to hazard prevention and protecting the ecosystem actively.

  Harmonic Simulation of Air Temperature: Double Membrane Greenhouses in South China 郭建民,丁烨毅,黄鹤楼 and 孙军波 2017, 33 (9):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110119 Abstract + ( 573 )   PDF ( 841KB )   ( 493 ) Studies on temperature simulation for double membrane greenhouses is still at the preliminary stage, and the universality of the simulation model needs to be further improved. In this study, the harmonic method was employed to simulate the air temperature variation inside the double membrane greenhouses based on the meteorological data observed from 2010 to 2014. The results indicated that: 2 order harmonic model (1st and 2nd harmonic) could well simulate the temperature variation inside greenhouses with double membrane; the temperature variation inside the greenhouse with double membrane could be well simulated with the model based on the harmonic parameters of outside temperature; the daily mean errors of model’s backward substitution were all less than 1.8℃ under different weather conditions; the daily mean errors of temperature forecasting were (1.9±1.4)℃, (2.1±1.6)℃ and (1.7±1.3)℃ for sunny day, partly cloudy day and overcast day, respectively; the model’s simulation accuracy in nighttime was higher than that in daytime; the model was with good performance when to forecast the minimum temperature as the absolute error was all less than 1.2℃ under different weather conditions; the simulation accuracy for maximum temperature was 0.5 to 1℃ larger than that of minimum temperature.

  Myricetin Affecting Schizophrenia-like Behavior of Mice with Demyelination 2017, 33 (9):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080096 Abstract + ( 922 )   PDF ( 881KB )   ( 460 ) To study the effect of myricetin on schizophrenia-like behavior of demyelinated mice, forty healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal group, the model group, the myricetin group and the chlorpromazine group. The normal group was fed with normal mouse feed, while the other three groups were fed with feed that contained 0.2% (w/w) CPZ to construct demyelination. Once a day for 5 weeks, the myricetin group was intragastric administrated with 20 mg/kg myricetin, and the chlorpromazine group was intraperitoneal injected with 4 mg/kg chlorpromazine. Then changes in the behavior of mice were observed by behavioral examinations. LFB staining was conducted to display the degree of myelin damage. The results of behavioral examinations showed that, compared with the model group, mice in the myricetin group had significantly better behavioral indicators, and myricetin had almost the same therapeutic effect with chlorpromazine. LFB staining showed that the myricetin group had more compact myelin than the model group. In conclusion, myricetin has potential therapeutic effect toward schizophrenia-like behavior of mice caused by demyelination. This experiment offers a basis for the clinical application of myricetin.

  Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Quality Inspection and Origin Tracing of Cotton Fibers 2017, 33 (9):  146-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050135 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 447KB )   ( 530 ) The quality detections and geographical origin traceability of cotton fiber, an important part of the downstream textile quality and production , is effective in protecting the cotton textiles interests of consumers and facing trade barriers of cotton fiber.Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR),which is a powerful technique for cotton textile fiber testing,has attracted extensive attention by scientists due to its simple operation,lower cost and no n-pollution.In order to rapid analysis cotton fiber quality and its geographical origin traceability,this paper introduces the principle of near infrared spectroscopy analysis and process,described the near infrared spectral analysis technology in the cotton fiber quality testing and origin traceability of the domestic and foreign research present situation,analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy applied in cotton fiber quality testing and the advantage of origin traceability and need to solve problems, and prospects the near infrared spectroscopy in cotton fiber quality testing and development trend of origin traceability.

  Residual Degradation Dynamics of Iprodione in Myrica rubra Fruits 李学斌 and 林公标 2017, 33 (9):  150-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070094 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 591KB )   ( 378 ) To study the residue degradation dynamics of iprodione in bayberry fruits, the residual trial of iprodione in bayberry were carried out by two ways from 2014 to 2015, one was spraying once and sampling repeatedly, another was spraying in different periods while sampling once in mature period. The results showed that the degradation of iprodione in‘Dongkui’and‘Linhaizaodamei’fruits were in conformity with the firstorder kinetic model, and the half-life period was 9.2 d and 13.86 d, respectively. The degradation velocity of iprodione in bayberry fruits was slow, but the residue concentration in bayberry fruit was significantly lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) 5 mg/kg of apple and pear in China, Hong Kong and Japan. If sprayed one time with 1:1000 dilutions during young fruit period.

  Occurrence and Identification of the Pathogen of Buckwheat Ring Rot in Yunnan Province 2017, 33 (9):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110045 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 4342KB )   ( 372 ) In order to make clear species of the pathogen of buckwheat ring rot in Yunnan Province, the occurrence and damage of buckwheat ring rot were investigated, and the diseased leaves were collected in buckwheat planting base in Yunnan. The pathogen of buckwheat ring rot were isolated and cultured by using tissue dissociation method, and the pathogen was identified through microscope and molecular identification method. The results indicated that the pycnidia were spherical or flat spherical, brown. The conidia were single cell, hyaline, oval or short rod-shaped. The rDNA ITS region of the pathogen were PCR-amplified with fungal universal primers and sequenced，and the sequences of ten strains showed 99% homogeneity with those of Phoma herbarum. Based on morphology and rDNA ITS region sequences analysis, the pathogen of buckwheat ring rot in Yunnan was identified as Phoma herbarum.

  Rural Cultural Industry Resource Type and Value Analysis 2017, 33 (9):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030229 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 469KB )   ( 672 ) In order to improve cultural life in rural areas in China and strengthen the construction of beautiful countries, we analyzed resource type and value of cultural industry in rural areas in detail. Starting from the definition, we analyzed the characteristics of cultural industry in rural areas. Specially, we analyzed various resources and characteristics of rural culture, such as agricultural production, rural history, landscape, traditional handicraft, folklore, and country diet. On this basis, we pointed out the significance of developing cultural industry in rural areas from social value, ecological value, economic value and cultural value. Finally, we put forward the measures of protecting cultural resources in rural areas from the long-term perspective, such as setting out protection policies and popularizing brand of rural culture.