Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the effects of root pruning on the stoichiometric characteristics of C, N and P among different branch orders of fine root in the incision of Populus euramericana cv. ‘Neva’. A field experiment was designed and performed, in which root system of five-year-old poplar were manually pruned with a sharp spade at six, eight and ten times of DBH (diameter at breast height) distance along both inter-row sides, to study the effects of different root pruning treatments on C, N, P contents and their stoichiometric ratios of the first five order roots in the incision as well as volume growth of poplar. The results indicated that compared with the CK (un-pruned), the C, N and P contents and C/N, C/P ratios from the first to fifth order roots in 6-2 treatment obviously decreased, the 10-2 treatment changed slightly, whereas the 8-2 treatment significantly increased. Along with the increase of root order, the C content and C/N, C/P ratios presented a trend of increasing, the N and P contents presented a trend of decreasing gradually, while no significant variation rule of N/P was observed among different root orders. At the same time, the average volume growth rate of 8-2 treatment was the largest, showing 40.31%, 60.72% and 38.10% increases in comparison with the treatments of CK, 6-2 and 10-2, respectively. Additionally, the correlation analysis indicated that the average volume growth rate was extremely significantly or significantly correlated with C and N contents and the ratios of C/N, C/P and N/P. As a result, significant differences were observed in the effects of different pruning intensities on stoichiometric characteristics of fine root in the incision of Populus euramericana cv. ‘Neva’, in which root pruning at distance of eight times of the DBH along both inter-row sides significantly promotes the volume growth of Populus euramericana cv. ‘Neva’ via increasing the C, N, P contents and their stoichiometric ratios of different root orders in the incision.