Extraction and Bioactivity of Plant Derived Polysaccharides: A Review

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0330

Abstract

Abstract:

Plant polysaccharide is a kind of natural active substance from a wide source. Because of its advantages of low toxicity and high activity, it has a broad prospect for development and utilization. However, the extraction method of polysaccharide is closely related to the extraction rate and biological activity of polysaccharide. In order to define the difference between polysaccharide extraction method and the polysaccharide extraction method, and the connection between the extraction yield and activity, in this paper, on the basis of a large number of literature, we summed up the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods of some polysaccharides, summarized polysaccharide extraction yield difference, analyzed the influence of the extraction methods on the biological activity of polysaccharide. It is concluded that different extracting methods themselves have certain advantages and disadvantages. As a result of the limitation of plant structure itself, different extraction methods have some effects on the extraction yield and structure. Selecting appropriate extraction method could improve the work efficiency, and provide a theoretical basis for guiding the extraction of polysaccharides.

Key words: plant polysaccharides, extraction method, extraction rate, biological activity, influence

CLC Number:

Q539

Wang Manyu, Liu Naixin, Zhang Fushun. Extraction and Bioactivity of Plant Derived Polysaccharides: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(29): 34-41.

Figures/Tables 2

References 102

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植物多糖	多糖提取率
植物多糖	水提法	碱提法	酶提法	超声法	微波法	多种技术联合
天麻多糖	22.38%^[79]	9.67%^[80]	50.32%^[79]	33.09%^[79]	6. 86%^[81]	61.27%^[82]
枸杞多糖	5.87%^[83]	7.46%^[83]	23.68%^[84]	10.00%^[85]	7.22%^[86]	9.62%^[87]
黄芪多糖	3.60%^[88]	11.7%^[88]	29.50%^[89]	12.95%^[90]	5.45%^[91]	13.45%^[91]
南瓜多糖	3.21%^[92]	3.98%^[93]	43.40%^[92]	28.13%^[92]	22.52%^[92]	16.44%^[94]

植物多糖	多糖提取率
植物多糖	水提法	碱提法	酶提法	超声法	微波法	多种技术联合
天麻多糖	22.38%^[79]	9.67%^[80]	50.32%^[79]	33.09%^[79]	6. 86%^[81]	61.27%^[82]
枸杞多糖	5.87%^[83]	7.46%^[83]	23.68%^[84]	10.00%^[85]	7.22%^[86]	9.62%^[87]
黄芪多糖	3.60%^[88]	11.7%^[88]	29.50%^[89]	12.95%^[90]	5.45%^[91]	13.45%^[91]
南瓜多糖	3.21%^[92]	3.98%^[93]	43.40%^[92]	28.13%^[92]	22.52%^[92]	16.44%^[94]

多糖来源	提取方法	主要单糖组分含量摩尔比	生物活性	活性能力/%	参考文献
兰州百合鳞茎	微波辅助	甘露糖:葡萄糖=5.2:4.9	清除羟自由基能力	46.03	[100]
			清除DPPH自由基能力	67.77
			清除羟超氧阴离子能力	43.01
	超声辅助	甘露糖:葡萄糖=5.1:4.7	清除羟自由基能力	79.81
			清除DPPH自由基能力	61.70
			清除羟超氧阴离子能力	56.22
	超声复合酶	甘露糖:葡萄糖=4.8:5.3	清除羟自由基能力	85.80
			清除DPPH自由基能力	57.06
			清除羟超氧阴离子能力	70.80
冬虫夏草菌丝体	酶提取	甘露糖:糖葡萄糖:半乳糖=4.2:1.0:4.3	抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞S180	44.97	[101]
	微波辅助	甘露糖:糖葡萄糖:半乳糖=4.0:1.0:4.0	抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞S180	67.25
	超声辅助	甘露糖:糖葡萄糖:半乳糖=3.8:1.0:3.9	抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞S180	47.25
金华佛手	水提法	阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:果糖:半乳糖醛酸=54.07:15.06:14.33:2.22:14.32	抑制乙醇脱氢酶	18.60	[102]
	复合酶法	鼠李糖:阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:木糖:甘露糖:果糖:半乳糖醛酸=1.13:37.75:24.79:17.18:3.18:4.22:1.13:10.42	激活乙醇脱氢酶	35.79
	超声辅助法	阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:木糖:甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸=47.24:29.49:9.22:2.30:2.53:9.22	激活乙醇脱氢酶	28.35
	微波辅助法	鼠李糖:阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:木糖:甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸=0.87:32.47:20.35:31.39:2.16:1.94:10.82	激活乙醇脱氢酶	21.52
	超声-微波协同	阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:木糖:甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸=30.46:18.03:35.07:4.61:3.41:8.42	激活乙醇脱氢酶	46.58

多糖来源	提取方法	主要单糖组分含量摩尔比	生物活性	活性能力/%	参考文献
兰州百合鳞茎	微波辅助	甘露糖:葡萄糖=5.2:4.9	清除羟自由基能力	46.03	[100]
			清除DPPH自由基能力	67.77
			清除羟超氧阴离子能力	43.01
	超声辅助	甘露糖:葡萄糖=5.1:4.7	清除羟自由基能力	79.81
			清除DPPH自由基能力	61.70
			清除羟超氧阴离子能力	56.22
	超声复合酶	甘露糖:葡萄糖=4.8:5.3	清除羟自由基能力	85.80
			清除DPPH自由基能力	57.06
			清除羟超氧阴离子能力	70.80
冬虫夏草菌丝体	酶提取	甘露糖:糖葡萄糖:半乳糖=4.2:1.0:4.3	抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞S180	44.97	[101]
	微波辅助	甘露糖:糖葡萄糖:半乳糖=4.0:1.0:4.0	抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞S180	67.25
	超声辅助	甘露糖:糖葡萄糖:半乳糖=3.8:1.0:3.9	抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞S180	47.25
金华佛手	水提法	阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:果糖:半乳糖醛酸=54.07:15.06:14.33:2.22:14.32	抑制乙醇脱氢酶	18.60	[102]
	复合酶法	鼠李糖:阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:木糖:甘露糖:果糖:半乳糖醛酸=1.13:37.75:24.79:17.18:3.18:4.22:1.13:10.42	激活乙醇脱氢酶	35.79
	超声辅助法	阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:木糖:甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸=47.24:29.49:9.22:2.30:2.53:9.22	激活乙醇脱氢酶	28.35
	微波辅助法	鼠李糖:阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:木糖:甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸=0.87:32.47:20.35:31.39:2.16:1.94:10.82	激活乙醇脱氢酶	21.52
	超声-微波协同	阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:葡萄糖:木糖:甘露糖:半乳糖醛酸=30.46:18.03:35.07:4.61:3.41:8.42	激活乙醇脱氢酶	46.58