Identification and Biological Characteristics Analysis of the Pathogen Causing Root Rot Disease in Annona squamosa and Fungicides Screening

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0345

Abstract

Abstract:

To identify the pathogen types and biological characteristics of root rot, the pathogen samples were collected from Annona squamosa, and 9 chemical fungicides were tested for their toxicity effects on this disease. This study will provide material and theoretical basis for further research on pathogenic mechanism, and resistance breeding program in A. squamosa. Root rot diseased samples were collected from A. squamosa in Guangdong production fields, and the pathogen was isolated and determined by Koch's rule, with combining methods of morphological observation by optical microscope and molecular identification. The pathogenicity was measured with in vitro inoculation tests, and 9 fungicides were tested for their toxicity effects. The results showed that 5 isolated pathogen strains were identified as Fusarium sp., in which SJF1-4 was F. solani, and SJF5 was F. nematophilic. Based on in vitro tests, strains of SJF3 showed highest pathogenicity, followed with SJF4, then SJF2, and the lowest were SJF1 and SJF5. 28℃ was optima temperature for pathogen growth, and the mycelium lost its vitality after treated at 75℃ for 10 min. No significant difference was observed among different carbon sources compared to the sucrose control. The utilization rates of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium chloride were significantly lower as nitrogen sources than the control of sodium nitrate, while peptone, beef extract, potassium nitrate showed no significant difference compared to the control. Nine fungicides were selected to detect the toxicity for pathogen strain SJF3. The results of toxicity test showed that all selected fungicides showed inhibition effects on pathogen growth rate. Prochloraz and benazoxystrobin, phenyl ether- methiconazole showed best inhibition effects with the EC₅₀ of 0.08, 0.86 and 1.27 mg/L, respectively. The followings were hymexazol, quinoline-copper and methyl metalaxyl. The lowest toxicity was metalaxyl-mancozeb, and enoylmorpholine, with EC₅₀ of 678.29 and 1313.92 mg/L, respectively. This study laid material and technology base for early prevention and control of root rot disease, and related researches on pathogenic mechanism, and resistance breeding program in A. squamosa.

Key words: Annona squamosa, root rot disease, biological characteristics, fungicides, toxicity

KUANG Ruibin, YANG Min, ZHOU Chenping, WU Xiaming, WEI Yuerong. Identification and Biological Characteristics Analysis of the Pathogen Causing Root Rot Disease in Annona squamosa and Fungicides Screening[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(28): 99-106.

Figures/Tables 8

References 31

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菌株	来源	菌落形态	菌落颜色	孢子形态	小分生孢子/μm	大分生孢子/μm
SJF1	从化	绒毛状	白色	短柱形或短镰刀状，稍弯曲，顶端钝圆，1~3隔	25.3~34.4	65.2~75.3
SJF2	从化	稀薄绒毛状	白色	梭形或短镰刀状，稍弯曲，顶端钝尖，1~3隔	20.3~32.5	55.2~70.4
SJF3	恩平	绒毛状	白色	分生孢子为镰刀状，两端尖弯，1~5隔	35.6~43.1	112.3~131.5
SJF4	恩平	绒毛状	白色	梭形或短镰刀状，稍弯曲，顶端钝尖，1~3隔	28.4~36.3	65.9~78.4
SJF5	阳江	较紧实	米黄	分生孢子为梭形或镰刀状，两端尖弯，1~4隔	56.3~75.6	110.9~124.2

菌株	来源	菌落形态	菌落颜色	孢子形态	小分生孢子/μm	大分生孢子/μm
SJF1	从化	绒毛状	白色	短柱形或短镰刀状，稍弯曲，顶端钝圆，1~3隔	25.3~34.4	65.2~75.3
SJF2	从化	稀薄绒毛状	白色	梭形或短镰刀状，稍弯曲，顶端钝尖，1~3隔	20.3~32.5	55.2~70.4
SJF3	恩平	绒毛状	白色	分生孢子为镰刀状，两端尖弯，1~5隔	35.6~43.1	112.3~131.5
SJF4	恩平	绒毛状	白色	梭形或短镰刀状，稍弯曲，顶端钝尖，1~3隔	28.4~36.3	65.9~78.4
SJF5	阳江	较紧实	米黄	分生孢子为梭形或镰刀状，两端尖弯，1~4隔	56.3~75.6	110.9~124.2

药剂	浓度/%	形态	毒力回归方程	相关系数	EC₅₀/(mg/L)	相对毒力指数
苯醚·甲环唑	10	水分散粒剂	y=0.1655x+4.9609	0.94	1.27	6.08
甲嘧甲霜灵	12	悬浮种衣剂	y=0.3765x+3.5174	0.98	51.31	0.15
恶霉灵	99	原药粉剂	y=0.692x+2.7556	0.93	25.62	0.30
春雷喹啉铜	33	悬浮剂	y=1.3738x-0.284	1.00	46.82	0.16
烯酰吗啉	80	水分散粒剂	y=0.2860x+2.9463	0.98	1313.92	0.01
霜脲嘧菌酯	60	水分散粒剂	y=0.3044x+3.4715	0.98	151.62	0.05
苯甲嘧菌酯	30	悬浮剂	y=0.0885x+5.0137	0.94	0.86	8.99
咪鲜胺	45	水乳剂	y=0.4217x+6.0818	0.98	0.08	100.00
甲霜·锰锌	58	粉剂	y=0.2887x+3.1178	0.95	678.29	0.01

药剂	浓度/%	形态	毒力回归方程	相关系数	EC₅₀/(mg/L)	相对毒力指数
苯醚·甲环唑	10	水分散粒剂	y=0.1655x+4.9609	0.94	1.27	6.08
甲嘧甲霜灵	12	悬浮种衣剂	y=0.3765x+3.5174	0.98	51.31	0.15
恶霉灵	99	原药粉剂	y=0.692x+2.7556	0.93	25.62	0.30
春雷喹啉铜	33	悬浮剂	y=1.3738x-0.284	1.00	46.82	0.16
烯酰吗啉	80	水分散粒剂	y=0.2860x+2.9463	0.98	1313.92	0.01
霜脲嘧菌酯	60	水分散粒剂	y=0.3044x+3.4715	0.98	151.62	0.05
苯甲嘧菌酯	30	悬浮剂	y=0.0885x+5.0137	0.94	0.86	8.99
咪鲜胺	45	水乳剂	y=0.4217x+6.0818	0.98	0.08	100.00
甲霜·锰锌	58	粉剂	y=0.2887x+3.1178	0.95	678.29	0.01