Effects of Density and Row Spacing on Yield, Canopy Characteristics and Lodging Resistance of Upright Plant Type Wheat

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0500

Abstract

Abstract:

To provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of cultivation measures in upright plant type (UPT) wheat, two UPT wheat lines ‘SN1319’ and ‘SN1425’ were used as materials, and experimental combinations with two high-density sowing rates (T₁, 330×10⁴ plants/hm² and T₂, 420×10⁴ plants/hm² basic seedlings, respectively) and three sowing spacing (H₁, H₂, and H₃ for 6, 8, and 10 rows in a sowing range of 1.10 meters, respectively) were set to study the effects of planting methods on wheat yield, canopy characteristics, and lodging characteristics. The results showed that ‘SN1319’ and ‘SN1425’ achieved the highest yield under T₂H₂ and T₂H₃ treatments, respectively, with an increase of 9.83% and 10.10% compared to the control ‘Jimai 22’. High density sowing improved morphological characteristics, leaf area index (LAI) and the extinction coefficient (EC), and increased the light interception ability in wheat population canopy. However, it also reduced the light transmittance (LT) and increased the lodging index (LI) in the populations. Wheat line and row spacing also had significant effects on canopy structure, light interception and lodging characteristics. The experiment indicates that 420×10⁴ plants/hm² basic seedlings and appropriate reduction of row spacing can be considered as reasonable cultivation measures for UPT wheat. As a new type of wheat, UPT wheat can be used to breed high or even super high yield lines and has application values in practice.

Key words: common wheat, compact plant type, sowing amount, row spacing, yield, canopy structure, lodging resistance

ZHAO Xiran, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Jiahao, CHEN Jiansheng, ZHANG Weidong, MA Yuhua, MENG Qingfu, YAN Zhaoxin, WANG Yongzhen. Effects of Density and Row Spacing on Yield, Canopy Characteristics and Lodging Resistance of Upright Plant Type Wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(14): 13-22.

Figures/Tables 7

References 28

[1]	FORD E D. The dynamic relationship between plant architecture and competition[J]. Frontiers in plant science, 2014, 5:275. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00275 pmid: 24987396
[2]	GUO H, XIONG H, XIE Y, et al. Functional mutation allele mining of plant architecture and yield-related agronomic traits and characterization of their effects in wheat[J]. BMC genetics, 2019, 20(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s12863-019-0804-2 pmid: 31888475
[3]	刘兆晔, 于经川, 姜鸿明, 等. 小麦理想株型的探讨[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(8):137-141.
[4]	国家小麦产业技术体系, 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所. 广适性小麦新品种鉴定与评价[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018:105-231.
[5]	张其鲁, 陈香芝, 张立全, 等. 小麦株型分类探讨[J]. 山东农业科学, 2006(1):17-19.
[6]	ZHAO D H, YANG L, XU K J, et al. Identification and validation of genetic loci for tiller angle in bread wheat[J]. Theoretical and applied genetics, 2020, 133:3037-3047. doi: 10.1007/s00122-020-03653-6
[7]	郑飞娜, 初金鹏, 张秀, 等. 播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(3):423-431. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91046
[8]	樊娜, 甘文婷, 武学霞, 等. 植物响应密度变化研究进展[J]. 分子植物育种, 2022(12):1-27.
[9]	淮贺举, 陆洲, 秦向阳, 等. 种植密度对小麦产量和群体质量影响的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(9):1-4.
[10]	曹倩, 贺明荣, 代兴龙, 等. 密度、氮肥互作对小麦产量及氮素利用效率的影响[J]. 植物营养学与肥料学报, 2011(17):815-822.
[11]	朱云集, 郭汝礼, 郭天财, 等. 行距配置与密度对兰考906群体质量及产量的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2001(2):62-66.
[12]	孙宏勇, 刘昌明, 张喜英, 等. 不同行距对冬小麦麦田蒸发、蒸散和产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2006(3):22-26.
[13]	CHEN S Y, ZHANG X Y, SUN H Y, et al. Effects of winter wheat row spacing n evapotranspiration, grain yield and water use efficiency[J]. Agricultural water management, 2010, 97(8):1131-1132.
[14]	薛盈文, 张英华, 黄琴, 等. 窄行匀播对晚播冬小麦群体环境、个体性状和物质生产的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(16):5545-5555.
[15]	朱统泉, 赵立尚, 贺建锋, 等. 不同行距对小麦群体质量及产量的调节效应[J]. 陕西农业科学, 2006(4):8-10.
[16]	武兰芳, 欧阳竹. 不同播量与行距对小麦产量与辐射截获利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22(1):31-36.
[17]	郑亭, 陈溢, 樊高琼, 等. 株行配置对带状条播小麦群体光环境及抗倒伏性能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(8):1571-1582. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.08.006
[18]	李娜娜, 田奇卓, 裴艳婷, 等. 播种方式对两类小麦品种分蘖成穗及其产量构成的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2007, 155(3):508-513.
[19]	刘建军, 陈康, 陈建友. 小麦绿色高产栽培理论技术体系与实践[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2019:56-119.
[20]	XIAO S H, ZHANG Y, LIU H, et al. Determination of resistance to lodging by stem strength in wheat[J]. Agricultural sciences in China, 2002(3):45-49.
[21]	梁鹏, 石玉, 赵俊晔, 等. 不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量的差异[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2018, 38(10):1189-1194.
[22]	STEINFORT U, TREVASKIS B, FUKAI S, et al. Vernalisation and photoperiod sensitivity in wheat: Impact on canopy development and yield components[J]. Field crops research, 2017, 201.
[23]	黄冬福. 种植密度影响水稻农艺性状的研究进展[J]. 安徽农学通报(上半月刊), 2012, 18(1):70-71,76.
[24]	李伟华, 张静, 郭振升, 等. 种植密度对‘百农418’小麦群体动态、产量及农艺性状的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(12):1-6. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030166
[25]	贾丽娜, 张俊丽, 卢超, 等. 种植密度对渭北旱作区小麦群体性状和产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(7):15-19. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110132
[26]	金彦刚, 丁锦峰, 袁权, 等. 播期和密度对江苏淮北强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(18):1-7. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0829
[27]	卢杰, 董连生, 常成, 等. 种植密度对不同小麦品种产量构成及抗倒伏性的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2021, 41(1):81-87.
[28]	洪德峰, 卫晓轶, 马俊峰, 等. 高密度对不同基因型夏玉米农艺特性、产量性状及耐密性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(28):13-21. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100827

品种（系）	单株分蘖数目	株型特点	MDBT^B/cm	品系来源和特征
SN1319	9~16	株型直立，株高稍高	10~17	‘山农055525’×‘周麦18号’；穗数多，千粒重39.5 g
SN1425	7~14	株型直立，稍矮	11~17	‘山农23号’×‘山农20号’；穗粒数多，千粒重较大，穗数较少
济麦22	12~21	株型半紧凑	18~23

品种（系）	单株分蘖数目	株型特点	MDBT^B/cm	品系来源和特征
SN1319	9~16	株型直立，株高稍高	10~17	‘山农055525’×‘周麦18号’；穗数多，千粒重39.5 g
SN1425	7~14	株型直立，稍矮	11~17	‘山农23号’×‘山农20号’；穗粒数多，千粒重较大，穗数较少
济麦22	12~21	株型半紧凑	18~23

品种（系）	播量	行距	小区产量/(kg/hm²)^A	穗数	粒数	千粒重/g
SN1319	T₁	H₁	8526d	36.9d	47.9b	37.58ab
		H₂	8902.5ab	37.6cd	48.2ab	38.65a
		H₃	8803.5c	38.5c	48.5a	36.64b
	T₂	H₁	8841ab	40.7b	46.2bc	37.24ab
		H₂	9187.5a	42.6a	45.3c	37.18b
		H₃	8814b	41.2ab	44.6d	37.73a
	T₀	H₁	7754.6	31.6	49.3	39.04
SN1425	T₁	H₁	8463c	29.01c	51.2ab	45.2a
		H₂	8758.5c	30.25b	51.3a	44.1b
		H₃	8722.5c	30.36b	49.8c	44.9ab
	T₂	H₁	8944.5bc	31.36ab	50.2b	44.2b
		H₂	9064.5b	31.95a	51.3a	42.8c
		H₃	9210.4a	32.89a	51.5a	43.9bc
	T₀	H₁	7479	24.36	52.4	46.5
济麦22号	T₀	H₁	8365.5
变异来源^B
品系(L)			ns	**	**	**
播量(S)			**	**	*	ns
行距(R)			**	ns	ns	ns
L×S			ns	ns	*	ns
L×R			**	ns	ns	ns
S×R			ns	ns	ns	ns
L×S×R			*	ns	ns	ns

品种（系）	播量	行距	小区产量/(kg/hm²)^A	穗数	粒数	千粒重/g
SN1319	T₁	H₁	8526d	36.9d	47.9b	37.58ab
		H₂	8902.5ab	37.6cd	48.2ab	38.65a
		H₃	8803.5c	38.5c	48.5a	36.64b
	T₂	H₁	8841ab	40.7b	46.2bc	37.24ab
		H₂	9187.5a	42.6a	45.3c	37.18b
		H₃	8814b	41.2ab	44.6d	37.73a
	T₀	H₁	7754.6	31.6	49.3	39.04
SN1425	T₁	H₁	8463c	29.01c	51.2ab	45.2a
		H₂	8758.5c	30.25b	51.3a	44.1b
		H₃	8722.5c	30.36b	49.8c	44.9ab
	T₂	H₁	8944.5bc	31.36ab	50.2b	44.2b
		H₂	9064.5b	31.95a	51.3a	42.8c
		H₃	9210.4a	32.89a	51.5a	43.9bc
	T₀	H₁	7479	24.36	52.4	46.5
济麦22号	T₀	H₁	8365.5
变异来源^B
品系(L)			ns	**	**	**
播量(S)			**	**	*	ns
行距(R)			**	ns	ns	ns
L×S			ns	ns	*	ns
L×R			**	ns	ns	ns
S×R			ns	ns	ns	ns
L×S×R			*	ns	ns	ns

品种（系）	播量	行距	株高/cm	株高构成指数	旗叶
品种（系）	播量	行距	株高/cm	株高构成指数	叶面积/cm²	长/宽	开角	基角
SN1319	T₁	H₁	85.6a	0.58b	53.6b	13.6b	34.3b	28.5cc
		H₂	84.2b	0.583b	54.2b	13.7b	38.8a	32.3abab
		H₃	83.7b	0.584b	55.7a	13.9ab	36.7ab	33.6aa
	T₂	H₁	86.5a	0.589ab	53.4c	13.8ab	32.1b	25.4dd
		H₂	85.2ab	0.596a	53.9b	13.4c	33.6b	31.6bb
		H₃	84.3b	0.592a	54.6ab	14.3a	34.7b	32.7abab
	T₀	H₁	84.2	0.573	55.6	12.9	43.6	36.7
SN1425	T₁	H₁	82.3b	0.613b	55.63b	11.36	38.97a	32.57bb
		H₂	82.4b	0.634a	56.72ab	12.37b	37.28a	33.69abab
		H₃	83.6ab	0.598c	55.46c	11.56a	36.54b	34.28aa
	T₂	H₁	82.6b	0.627b	56.34b	11.59b	33.45c	31.25bcbc
		H₂	82.7b	0.634a	55.61b	11.64ab	34.69bc	30.64cc
		H₃	83.9a	0.619b	57.28a	10.59a	34.54c	31.49bb
	T₀	H₁	81.3	0.623	58.63	10.36b	47.29	41.25
济麦22号	T₀	H₁	82.3	0.63	51.849	14.8	32.1	24.5
变异来源
品系(L)			**	**	**	**	ns	**
播量(S)			ns	**	ns	*	**	**
行距(R)			ns	**	**	ns	*	**
L×S			**	ns	*	**	ns	ns
L×R			ns	**	*	**	*	**
S×R			ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns
L×S×R			ns	*	**	**	ns	ns