132 Sweetpotato Landraces: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0505

Abstract

Abstract:

Understanding the genetic diversity and population structure of sweetpotato landraces in China is helpful for the protection of sweetpotato germplasm resources and the cultivation of new varieties. In this study, 132 sweet potato landraces were used as materials to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of phenotypic traits, carotenoid content, and SSR molecular markers. The results showed that the average coefficient of variation of phenotypic traits of 132 sweetpotato landraces was 45.84%, the average carotenoid content was 6.33 μg/g, and the highest was 59.90 μg/g. The average Nei's diversity index of SSR molecular markers was 0.15, and the average Shannon's diversity index was 0.23. Based on the population structure analysis, the 132 sweetpotato landraces were divided into five subpopulations. Further analysis of molecular variation revealed that 84% of the variation existed within populations and 16% between populations. In summary, sweetpotato landraces have rich genetic diversity, and the genetic variation among germplasms is mainly concentrated within the subpopulation. This provides important information for the protection of local sweetpotato germplasm resources and the cultivation of new varieties in China.

Key words: sweetpotato, phenotypic traits, SSR markers, carotenoid content, genetic diversity, population structure, local germplasm

CHEN Yihang, TANG Chaochen, ZHANG Rong, YAO Zhufang, JIN Jingwei, WANG Zhangying. 132 Sweetpotato Landraces: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(18): 22-30.

Figures/Tables 6

References 30

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性状	特征描述（分布比例，%）											Shannon’s多样性指数	变异系数/%
性状	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Shannon’s多样性指数	变异系数/%
顶叶色		浅绿	绿	紫绿	褐绿	浅紫	紫	褐	金黄	红		1.68	57.92
顶叶色		11.36	41.67	3.79	11.36	5.30	18.18	7.58	0.76	0.00		1.68	57.92
顶叶形状		圆	肾	心	尖心	三角	缺刻					1.11	28.09
顶叶形状		0.00	0.00	30.30	12.12	5.30	52.27					1.11	28.09
顶芽色		浅绿	绿	浅紫	紫	深紫	褐					1.45	53.55
顶芽色		15.15	50.76	7.58	13.64	5.30	7.58					1.45	53.55
叶色		浅绿	绿	紫绿	褐绿	浅紫	紫	褐	金黄	红		0.75	42.65
叶色		9.85	79.55	6.82	0.76	0.00	2.27	0.00	0.76	0.00		0.75	42.65
叶片形状		圆	肾	心	尖心	三角	缺刻					0.99	27.83
叶片形状		0.00	0.76	28.79	6.82	3.03	60.61					0.99	27.83
叶主脉色		浅绿	绿	黄	浅紫	紫	紫斑					1.53	39.79
叶主脉色		9.85	17.42	0.76	18.18	38.64	15.15					1.53	39.79
叶侧脉色		浅绿	绿	黄	浅紫	紫	紫斑					1.55	46.35
叶侧脉色		9.85	31.82	0.76	17.42	28.03	12.12					1.55	46.35
脉基色		浅绿	绿	浅紫	紫	深紫						1.16	24.68
脉基色		0.00	16.67	13.64	56.82	12.88						1.16	24.68
叶尖形状	无	锐	钝									0.61	35.27
叶尖形状	0.00	69.70	30.30									0.61	35.27
叶柄主色		浅绿	绿	浅紫	紫	深紫						0.75	32.97
叶柄主色		2.27	80.30	7.58	6.82	3.03						0.75	32.97
柄基色		浅绿	绿	浅紫	紫	深紫						1.27	33.22
柄基色		0.76	38.64	17.42	35.61	7.58						1.27	33.22
茎色		浅绿	绿	褐	浅紫	紫	深紫					0.78	48.51
茎色		1.52	78.79	5.30	0.00	8.33	6.06					0.78	48.51
茎主色		浅绿	绿	紫红	浅紫	紫	深紫	褐				0.82	52.34
茎主色		1.52	77.27	2.27	0.00	12.88	3.79	2.27
茎次色	无	绿	紫红	紫	褐
茎次色	32.58	16.67	1.52	38.64	10.61
茎端茸毛	无	少	中等	多
茎端茸毛	35.61	25.76	18.94	19.70
株型		直立	半直立	匍匐	攀缘
株型		0.00	34.09	65.91	0.00
茎叶生长势		强	中	弱
茎叶生长势		43.18	46.97	9.85
薯形		球形	短纺锤	纺锤	长纺锤	上膨纺	下膨纺	筒形	弯曲	不规则
薯形		1.52	3.03	43.94	10.61	10.61	21.97	6.82	0.00	1.52
薯皮主色		白	淡黄	棕黄	黄	褐	粉红	红	紫红	紫	深紫
薯皮主色		18.94	6.82	4.55	9.85	4.55	6.82	12.12	26.52	9.09	0.76
薯肉主色		白	淡黄	黄	橘黄	橘红	粉红	红	紫红	紫	深紫
薯肉主色		32.58	25.00	19.70	13.64	4.55	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.79	0.00

性状	特征描述（分布比例，%）											Shannon’s多样性指数	变异系数/%
性状	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Shannon’s多样性指数	变异系数/%
顶叶色		浅绿	绿	紫绿	褐绿	浅紫	紫	褐	金黄	红		1.68	57.92
顶叶色		11.36	41.67	3.79	11.36	5.30	18.18	7.58	0.76	0.00		1.68	57.92
顶叶形状		圆	肾	心	尖心	三角	缺刻					1.11	28.09
顶叶形状		0.00	0.00	30.30	12.12	5.30	52.27					1.11	28.09
顶芽色		浅绿	绿	浅紫	紫	深紫	褐					1.45	53.55
顶芽色		15.15	50.76	7.58	13.64	5.30	7.58					1.45	53.55
叶色		浅绿	绿	紫绿	褐绿	浅紫	紫	褐	金黄	红		0.75	42.65
叶色		9.85	79.55	6.82	0.76	0.00	2.27	0.00	0.76	0.00		0.75	42.65
叶片形状		圆	肾	心	尖心	三角	缺刻					0.99	27.83
叶片形状		0.00	0.76	28.79	6.82	3.03	60.61					0.99	27.83
叶主脉色		浅绿	绿	黄	浅紫	紫	紫斑					1.53	39.79
叶主脉色		9.85	17.42	0.76	18.18	38.64	15.15					1.53	39.79
叶侧脉色		浅绿	绿	黄	浅紫	紫	紫斑					1.55	46.35
叶侧脉色		9.85	31.82	0.76	17.42	28.03	12.12					1.55	46.35
脉基色		浅绿	绿	浅紫	紫	深紫						1.16	24.68
脉基色		0.00	16.67	13.64	56.82	12.88						1.16	24.68
叶尖形状	无	锐	钝									0.61	35.27
叶尖形状	0.00	69.70	30.30									0.61	35.27
叶柄主色		浅绿	绿	浅紫	紫	深紫						0.75	32.97
叶柄主色		2.27	80.30	7.58	6.82	3.03						0.75	32.97
柄基色		浅绿	绿	浅紫	紫	深紫						1.27	33.22
柄基色		0.76	38.64	17.42	35.61	7.58						1.27	33.22
茎色		浅绿	绿	褐	浅紫	紫	深紫					0.78	48.51
茎色		1.52	78.79	5.30	0.00	8.33	6.06					0.78	48.51
茎主色		浅绿	绿	紫红	浅紫	紫	深紫	褐				0.82	52.34
茎主色		1.52	77.27	2.27	0.00	12.88	3.79	2.27
茎次色	无	绿	紫红	紫	褐
茎次色	32.58	16.67	1.52	38.64	10.61
茎端茸毛	无	少	中等	多
茎端茸毛	35.61	25.76	18.94	19.70
株型		直立	半直立	匍匐	攀缘
株型		0.00	34.09	65.91	0.00
茎叶生长势		强	中	弱
茎叶生长势		43.18	46.97	9.85
薯形		球形	短纺锤	纺锤	长纺锤	上膨纺	下膨纺	筒形	弯曲	不规则
薯形		1.52	3.03	43.94	10.61	10.61	21.97	6.82	0.00	1.52
薯皮主色		白	淡黄	棕黄	黄	褐	粉红	红	紫红	紫	深紫
薯皮主色		18.94	6.82	4.55	9.85	4.55	6.82	12.12	26.52	9.09	0.76
薯肉主色		白	淡黄	黄	橘黄	橘红	粉红	红	紫红	紫	深紫
薯肉主色		32.58	25.00	19.70	13.64	4.55	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.79	0.00

类胡萝卜素	平均值	标准差	最大值	最小值	变异系数/%
紫黄质	0.802	0.715	3.244	0.000	89.174
新黄质	0.253	0.545	2.850	0.000	215.294
环氧玉米黄质	0.884	0.988	4.140	0.000	111.734
叶黄素	0.006	0.056	0.638	0.000	1009.910
玉米黄质	0.004	0.036	0.342	0.000	822.049
α-隐黄质	0.007	0.079	0.916	0.000	1107.100
ε-胡萝卜素	0.016	0.082	0.515	0.000	518.563
β-隐黄质	0.002	0.011	0.096	0.000	683.719
α-胡萝卜素	0.000	0.001	0.016	0.000	1144.552
β-胡萝卜素	4.321	10.360	57.417	0.000	239.763
δ-胡萝卜素	—	—	—	—	—
γ-胡萝卜素	0.037	0.129	1.151	0.000	348.041
番茄红素	—	—	—	—	—
总量	6.331	11.470	59.904	0.000	181.170

类胡萝卜素	平均值	标准差	最大值	最小值	变异系数/%
紫黄质	0.802	0.715	3.244	0.000	89.174
新黄质	0.253	0.545	2.850	0.000	215.294
环氧玉米黄质	0.884	0.988	4.140	0.000	111.734
叶黄素	0.006	0.056	0.638	0.000	1009.910
玉米黄质	0.004	0.036	0.342	0.000	822.049
α-隐黄质	0.007	0.079	0.916	0.000	1107.100
ε-胡萝卜素	0.016	0.082	0.515	0.000	518.563
β-隐黄质	0.002	0.011	0.096	0.000	683.719
α-胡萝卜素	0.000	0.001	0.016	0.000	1144.552
β-胡萝卜素	4.321	10.360	57.417	0.000	239.763
δ-胡萝卜素	—	—	—	—	—
γ-胡萝卜素	0.037	0.129	1.151	0.000	348.041
番茄红素	—	—	—	—	—
总量	6.331	11.470	59.904	0.000	181.170

引物名称	样本数量	条带总数	多态性位点数量	多态性位点百分比	平均等位基因数(Na)		平均有效等位基因数(Ne)		Nei’s遗传多样性指数(He)		Shannon’s多样性指数(I)
引物名称	样本数量	条带总数	多态性位点数量	多态性位点百分比	平均值	标准差	平均值	标准差	平均值	标准差	平均值	标准差
GDAAS0338	132	21	17	80.95%	1.81	0.39	1.20	0.33	0.12	0.18	0.19	0.25
GDAAS0694	132	11	5	45.45%	1.45	0.50	1.19	0.31	0.11	0.18	0.17	0.26
GDAAS0782	132	10	8	80.00%	1.80	0.40	1.42	0.36	0.25	0.19	0.38	0.26
GDAAS0819	132	11	7	63.64%	1.64	0.48	1.29	0.34	0.18	0.18	0.27	0.26
GDAAS0871	132	8	7	87.50%	1.88	0.33	1.26	0.34	0.16	0.19	0.25	0.26
GDAAS0911	132	18	13	72.22%	1.72	0.45	1.30	0.35	0.18	0.19	0.28	0.26
GDAAS0922	132	17	12	70.59%	1.71	0.46	1.29	0.36	0.17	0.20	0.26	0.27
GDAAS0940	132	11	10	90.91%	1.91	0.29	1.25	0.29	0.17	0.16	0.27	0.22
SPGS2	132	23	10	43.48%	1.43	0.50	1.11	0.21	0.08	0.13	0.13	0.20
SPGS3	132	5	3	60.00%	1.60	0.49	1.37	0.38	0.22	0.20	0.32	0.28
总量All	132	135	92	68.15%	1.68	0.47	1.25	0.33	0.15	0.18	0.23	0.26