Abstract:

To study the performance of yield and quality traits of wheat germplasm resources and their correlation and path analysis，35 wheat germplasm resources from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were used as materials in this study. The plant height, spike number, spikelet number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield were investigated manually, and the wheat quality was determined by Perten DA 7200 near-infrared analyzer. The results showed that the yield range of 35 wheat germplasm resources was 5679.00-6331.50 kg/hm², the effective spike range was 427.50-502.50 million/hm², the growth period range was 195.00-202.00 d, the plant height range was 73.00-93.00 cm, the spikelet number per spike range was 32.60-40.00, and the 1000-grain weight range was 37.00-47.10 g. The correlation analysis of yield traits showed that effective spike, growth period, spikelet number per spike and 1000-grain weight were positively correlated with grain yield (r=0.1707, r=0.0401, r=0.2277, r=0.0299), while plant height was negatively correlated with grain yield (r=-0.0587). Path analysis showed that grain yield increased while effective spike, spikelet number per spike and 1000-grain weight increased. The effect of increasing the number of grains per ear was the greatest (direct path coefficient Py=0.8390), followed by the effect of increasing the 1000-grain weight (direct path coefficient Py=0.6668), and the effect of increasing the number of effective ears was the smallest (direct path coefficient Py=0.4916). In general, the quality traits of 35 wheat germplasm resources were quite different, indicating that wheat has rich diversity, which provides a large selection space for wheat quality breeding and selection of offspring.

Key words: wheat, germplasm resources, yield, quality, character, relevance, path analysis