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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (19): 73-80.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0027

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Effects of Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Maize and Rapeseed in Upper Reaches of Chishui River Region and Discharge Amount of Fertilizer Pollution

LIU Haonan1,2(), YANG Juan1,2(), JIAO Meng3   

  1. 1 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation and Restoration and Ecological Services, College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
    2 National Plateau Wetland Research Center/ College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
    3 College of Soil and Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
  • Received:2025-01-03 Revised:2025-04-17 Online:2025-07-05 Published:2025-07-10

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Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the effects of fertilization on yield, quality, fertilizer use efficiency in maize (variety ‘Fuhua 22’) and rapeseed (variety ‘Yunyouza 15’) and discharge amount of fertilizer pollution, providing scientific guidance for optimizing fertilizer management of major crops in the upper reaches of the Chishui River. A field experiment with five treatments was implemented, including control (CK), phosphorus-potassium (PK), nitrogen-potassium (NK), nitrogen-phosphorus (NP), and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK), to assess their effects on crop yield, quality at maturity, fertilizer use efficiency, and discharge amount of fertilizer pollution. The results showed that the NPK treatment significantly increased rapeseed yield by 81.73% compared to CK, whereas the yield increases under nutrient-deficient treatments (PK, NK, NP) ranged only from 35.42% to 52.86%. In terms of quality, fertilization significantly increased the contents of fat, protein, oleic acid and erucic acid, but had no significant effects on palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid contents. Similarly, maize yield under NPK treatment increased by 90.00% compared to CK, whereas the yield increases under nutrient-deficient treatments (PK, NK, NP) ranged only from 42.74% to 79.24%. In terms of quality, the NPK treatment exhibited the highest maize starch and protein contents, which increased by 4.94% and 60.47%, whereas nutrient-deficient treatments demonstrated comparatively smaller increments. In addition, the study also found that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium utilization efficiencies of maize and rapeseed reached their highest levels under NPK fertilization conditions. Under NPK fertilization conditions, nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from maize and rapeseed fields were minimized, being significantly lower than those under nutrient-deficient treatments. In conclusion, balanced fertilization not only significantly enhanced crop yield and quality along with the fertilizer use efficiency, but also effectively mitigated agricultural non-point source pollution.

Key words: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, maize, rapeseed, yield, quality, discharge amount of fertilizer pollution