Abstract: The study aims to understand agricultural production efficiency of each league (city) of Inner Mongolia, and analyze the factors that affect agricultural production efficiency. Eleven cities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects. The agricultural production efficiency in every city was calculated based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, and Tobit regression model was adopted to analyze the influencing factors. The results showed that the agricultural production efficiency in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was high as a whole, but only four cities were proved to be completely effective by DEA, and it was still necessary for other cities to improve their agricultural production efficiency. Regional concentration of the agricultural production efficiency was not obvious, areas with more lands and fewer inhabitants were more efficient. Among the influencing factors of agricultural production efficiency, the support of local government for agriculture and agricultural scale production had an obvious positive effect, but dependable degree of regional agriculture had an obvious negative effect. The results could enhance the understanding to agricultural production efficiency of each league (city) of Inner Mongolia and have certain reference to improve agricultural production efficiency.