Abstract: The feasibility of overcoming the hybridization barrier between different sweetpotato parents and expanding natural selection lange through the techniques of open-pollinated group cross was discussed in this study for the reference of super parent strain breeding. A new sweetpotato cultivar ‘Rongzishu No.1’ high in protein and anthocyanin hybridized between a high protein female parent ‘Tis5125’ and male parental materials of 28 varieties (lines) with great difference of genetic background in the open-pollinated group was selected. The morphological characteristics, agronomic characteristics, quality characteristics, disease resistance, productivity and adaptability of ‘Rongzishu No.1’ were experimental studied and the results demonstrated that it had strong sprout ability, steady vigor during all growth period. In Fujian Provincal Sweetpotato Regional Trial (2011-2012), the average yield of fresh tuberous root of ‘Rongzishu No.1’was 31.1739 t/hm2. The average dry matter rate was 29.35% and 4.36 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’ (CK). The average starch rate was 19.18% and 3.80 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’. The test value of cooked taste was 81.4 and 1.4 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’. The test value of extrinsic feature was 81.2 and 1.2 percentage point higher than ‘jinshan No.57’. The anthcoyaninanthocyanin content in fresh tuberous root was 47.39 μg/g.FW. The crude protein content on dry basis was 7.5%; The resistance to Fusarium oxysporum was moderate and the storability of tuberous root was strong. It was approved by Fujian Provincial Crop Varieties Appraisal Committee in 2014(the approval No: MinShenShu2014003). As a cultivar used for fresh-eating or specially starch processing, it is suitable for growing in plain and hilly areas where the Ralstonia solanacearum wilt is lighter.