Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of side bar application technology of slow/controlled release fertilizer on rice in Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of six different fertilizer treatments with no fertilizer (CK), self- developed slow release compound fertilizer for rice (SRF1), commodity Tiegan release compound fertilizer (SRF2), self- developed controlled release BB fertilizer for rice (BB1), commodity controlled release BB fertilizer (BB2) and conventional fertilization by local farmers (CON) on the yield and agronomic characters of rice, and evaluate their nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that the grain yield and harvest index of rice were 6622 to 10761 kg/hm2 and 0.42 to 0.54 under different fertilization treatments, treatment BB1 and BB2 got the highest result. Compared with that of treatment CON, rice yields significantly increased by 15.7% to 18.0% with side bar application of slow/controlled release fertilizers (except for treatment SRF2), and sterile grain rate decreased by 0.5% to 3.2%, but plant height, length of ear, and numbers of per ear increased. Agronomy efficiency and partial factor productivity N fertilizer were 15.6 to 18.4 kg/kg and 45.0 to 47.8 kg/kg under side bar application of slow/controlled release fertilizers treatments, which were significantly higher than those of treatment CON, which were 6.7 kg/kg and 24.3 kg/kg respectively. Therefore, side bar application of slow/controlled release fertilizers could improve agronomic characters of rice, and then increase its grain yield and fertilizers use efficiency. This technology should be widely popularized and applied in paddy rice growing in the Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia.