Abstract: The aim is to provide guidance for wheat breeding and popularization, as well as rational utilization of germplasm resource. 25 leading wheat varieties of different years in Shandong Province were used as materials to study the evolvement rule of yield under two kinds of soil fertility, and the correlation of agronomic characters and yield was determined. The experimental results showed that, the yields under different soil fertility had the same increasing trend, and high soil fertility had the biggest amplification. Compared with low soil fertility, the amplification of yield under high soil fertility was different in different years, and the amplification in the 1950s and 1960s was -9.02% and -1.80%, respectively. Soil fertility had no significant effects on grains per spike, spike numbers, and yield in the 1950s and 1960s, but showed significant differences on other traits. The interaction between fertility and variety had greater influence on spike numbers. The yield components had positive correlations: spike numbers>thousand kernel weight> grains per spike, and soil fertility had significant effect on ear length and spikelet number. Varieties of earlier years were not suitable for modern agricultural production, and rich soil fertility and suitable variety effectively improved yield in wheat alternation. Higher contribution of soil fertility could promote the coordinated increase of yield components, and help to determine the breeding objects.