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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (31): 130-139.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0453

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New Characteristics, New Trends and Enlightenment of US Dairy Industry

Zhang Chao1(), Jiang Yahui2, Shao Dafu1, Dong Xiaoxia1, Dai Peng3, Peng Hua1()   

  1. 1Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
    3Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
  • Received:2020-09-10 Revised:2020-10-30 Online:2020-11-05 Published:2020-11-20
  • Contact: Peng Hua E-mail:zhangchao02@caas.cn;penghua@caas.cn

Abstract:

The U.S. dairy industry has a long history of development, and its long-term accumulated rich experience in production, consumption and even circulation trade has a certain reference value for the revitalization of China’s dairy industry. This paper analyzes the new characteristics of dairy production, price, consumption, trade and other aspects of the U.S. dairy industry since 2000, combs the supporting policies and their changing trends. The study found that in recent years, the number of dairy farms in the United States has dropped sharply, and has been concentrated in the north and the west. Large scale pastures with more than 500 cows have become the mainstream. The number of dairy cows increased. Technological advances have pushed the yield of dairy cows to 10 tons, and the output of fresh milk is close to 1 million tons. A pricing mechanism for milk composition based on grading pricing has been continuously improved. The price of fresh milk has been running at a low level in the past five years and recovered rapidly in 2019. Dairy processing industry is concentrated in leading enterprises. Cheese is the main processing product. The consumption of dairy products increased year by year, with the annual per capita consumption reaching 292.90 kg. Cheese is the main growth point and the growth rate is accelerated. The trade fluctuation of dairy products has increased. The export destinations are concentrated in North America, East Asia and Southeast Asia. The products are mainly milk powder, cheese and whey. The U.S. dairy industry support policy covers the production, consumption, trade and other aspects of the industrial chain. The functions of each policy are complementary and coordinated, forming a strong policy joint force and comprehensive efficiency. The experience and practice of dairy industry of the United States in terms of industrial organization, operation mechanism and policy support have important enlightenment on promoting and improving the interest linkage mechanism of the Chinese dairy industry, optimizing the formation mechanism of fresh milk price, improving the supporting policy system of dairy industry and cultivating the consumption habits of dairy products.

Key words: US dairy industry, milk price system, dairy development policy, hierarchical pricing, interest linkage mechanism

CLC Number: