Water and Nitrogen Management Under Water-limited Wheat Cultivation: Effects on Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0505

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of water and nitrogen management on wheat yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency in medium and low-yield fields in southern Hebei under water limitation, the wheat variety ‘Han 6172’ was used as experimental material, and the effects of the irrigation periods in spring (W₁: irrigation at the standing stage, W₂: irrigation at the jointing stage) and the base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer (N₀ 0:0, N₁ 3:7, N₂ 5:5, N₃ 7:3) on wheat yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were studied. The results showed that the irrigation period had significant impact on wheat yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with those of treatment W₂, the wheat yield, irrigation productivity and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of treatment W₁ were increased by 3.5%-18.7%, 2.1%-7.0%, and 2.8%-7.5%, respectively, and significant increase was observed when the proportion of basal application of nitrogen fertilizer was low. The base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer had significant impact on wheat yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with those of treatment N₁, the wheat yield, grain nitrogen uptake, straw nitrogen uptake, plant nitrogen uptake, nitrogen apparent use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of treatment N₃ were significantly increased by 5.7%-9.7%, 5.0%-8.4%, 6.7%-6.8%, 5.5%-24.5%, 6.8%-24.8%, and 5.7%-9.7%, respectively. The wheat yield, grain nitrogen uptake, straw nitrogen uptake, plant nitrogen uptake, nitrogen apparent utilization efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of treatment N₃ were higher than those of treatment N₂, but the differences were not significant. Under this test conditions, the irrigation productivity of treatment W₁N₃ was the highest, reaching 4.8 kg/m³, and the wheat yield was the highest, reaching 7242.0 kg/hm². To sum up, under the premise of water-saving and stable yield, W₁N₃ (irrigation at standing stage, the base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer as 7:3) can be used as the practice reference for water and nitrogen management under water-limited wheat cultivation in medium and low-yield fields in southern Hebei.

Key words: wheat, irrigation at the standing stage, irrigation at the jointing stage, the base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, yield

WEN Guochang, LI Baojun, YANG Pu, LIU Qingfang, HE Weizhao, JIA Jianbin. Water and Nitrogen Management Under Water-limited Wheat Cultivation: Effects on Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(15): 14-21.

Figures/Tables 5

References 32

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灌水时期	施肥方式	处理编号	施肥量/(kg/hm²)
灌水时期	施肥方式	处理编号	总氮量(N)	基肥氮量(N)	追肥氮量(N)	磷肥(P₂O₅)	钾肥(K₂O)
起身期	不施氮肥	W₁N₀	0	0	0	112.5	112.5
	基追比3:7	W₁N₁	225	67.5	157.5	112.5	112.5
	基追比5:5	W₁N₂	225	112.5	112.5	112.5	112.5
	基追比7:3	W₁N₃	225	157.5	67.5	112.5	112.5
拔节期	不施氮肥	W₂N₀	0	0	0	112.5	112.5
	基追比3:7	W₂N₁	225	67.5	157.5	112.5	112.5
	基追比5:5	W₂N₂	225	112.5	112.5	112.5	112.5
	基追比7:3	W₂N₃	225	157.5	67.5	112.5	112.5

灌水时期	施肥方式	处理编号	施肥量/(kg/hm²)
灌水时期	施肥方式	处理编号	总氮量(N)	基肥氮量(N)	追肥氮量(N)	磷肥(P₂O₅)	钾肥(K₂O)
起身期	不施氮肥	W₁N₀	0	0	0	112.5	112.5
	基追比3:7	W₁N₁	225	67.5	157.5	112.5	112.5
	基追比5:5	W₁N₂	225	112.5	112.5	112.5	112.5
	基追比7:3	W₁N₃	225	157.5	67.5	112.5	112.5
拔节期	不施氮肥	W₂N₀	0	0	0	112.5	112.5
	基追比3:7	W₂N₁	225	67.5	157.5	112.5	112.5
	基追比5:5	W₂N₂	225	112.5	112.5	112.5	112.5
	基追比7:3	W₂N₃	225	157.5	67.5	112.5	112.5

灌水时期	氮肥基追比	穗数/万穗	千粒重/g	穗粒数/粒	地上部生物量/(kg/hm²)	产量/(kg/hm²)
W₁	N₀	463.0a	45.76b	20.7b	8831.5b	3723.0b
W₁	N₁	589.0b	43.30c	31.6d	14832.5d	6853.8d
W₁	N₂	639.3c	40.43d	32.1d	15674.0de	7052.2de
W₁	N₃	663.0c	39.31d	32.9d	16031.0e	7242.0e
W₂	N₀	425.0a	47.65a	15.5a	7122.1a	3130.0a
W₂	N₁	716.3d	39.24d	26.8c	13149.5c	6375.0c
W₂	N₂	773.3e	36.47e	28.7c	14744.7d	6861.6d
W₂	N₃	784.3e	37.74de	27.9c	15351.0de	6995.5de
W		*	*	*	*	ns
N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
W*N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

灌水时期	氮肥基追比	穗数/万穗	千粒重/g	穗粒数/粒	地上部生物量/(kg/hm²)	产量/(kg/hm²)
W₁	N₀	463.0a	45.76b	20.7b	8831.5b	3723.0b
W₁	N₁	589.0b	43.30c	31.6d	14832.5d	6853.8d
W₁	N₂	639.3c	40.43d	32.1d	15674.0de	7052.2de
W₁	N₃	663.0c	39.31d	32.9d	16031.0e	7242.0e
W₂	N₀	425.0a	47.65a	15.5a	7122.1a	3130.0a
W₂	N₁	716.3d	39.24d	26.8c	13149.5c	6375.0c
W₂	N₂	773.3e	36.47e	28.7c	14744.7d	6861.6d
W₂	N₃	784.3e	37.74de	27.9c	15351.0de	6995.5de
W		*	*	*	*	ns
N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
W*N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

灌水时期	氮肥基追比	籽粒/(kg/hm²)		秸秆/(kg/hm²)		植株/(kg/hm²)
W₁	N₀	94.80a		39.45a		134.25a
W₁	N₁	164.83b		74.84c		239.67c
W₁	N₂	169.37b		78.44cd		247.82cd
W₁	N₃	173.05bc		79.88d		252.93d
W₂	N₀	95.08a		38.60a		133.69a
W₂	N₁	166.58b		60.84b		227.42b
W₂	N₂	177.68c		96.13e		273.81e
W₂	N₃	180.63c		102.36e		283.19e
W			ns		*	ns
N			ns		ns	ns
W*N			ns		ns	ns