Effects of Cultivation Density on Yield and Quality of Dry Seeding

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0798

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of cultivation density on the growth characteristics, yield and quality of different types of rice cultivars under dry seeding conditions, the rice varieties suitable for dry seeding in Yanshan County and their suitable cultivation densities were screened out. Using the indica rice varieties: ‘Guang8you 1973’, ‘Huazheyou 261’, Japonica rice varieties: ‘Yunliangyou 502’, and‘Yunkejing 1’ as the test materials, four cultivation density levels were set and the dry seeding and dry management was used to conduct experiments in Yanshan County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the effects of cultivation density on the growth characteristics, yield and quality of different types of rice varieties under dry seeding conditions were analyzed. The results showed that indica rice materials was advanced in the booting stage and the full heading stage under high density, and matured 1-3 days earlier than the low-density conditions, while the japonica rice material was the opposite. All four cultivars had the highest plant heights at B₃ (1.08 million/hm²) density. The SPAD value of sword leaves of rice plants was less affected by the cultivation density, and with the increase of density, the second leaf first increased and then decreased, and the highest at the density of B₂ (0.9 million /hm²), and the third leaf showed a downward trend. The leaf area index increased with the increase of rice density at full heading stage. The treatment combination with higher yields was A₂B₃ and A₂B₄, with the highest yield of the indica variety ‘Guang8you 1973’. All four cultivars had the highest yield at B₄ (1.26 million/hm²) cultivation density, indicating that B₃ density was conducive to rice plant growth and B₄ density was more conducive to rice yield formation. The cultivation density is positively correlated with the effective panicle, but the number of grains per panicle is relatively low at high density, indicating that the effective panicle can be increased under the high density treatment, but it is not conducive to the cultivation of large panicles. The influence of cultivation density on the seed-setting rate of indica rice varieties was not obvious, and the seed-setting rate of japonica rice increased with the increase of cultivation density, and the weight of 1000 grains was less affected by the cultivation density. Among the four rice cultivars, the appearance quality of A₁ decreased with the increase of density, and there was no obvious regularity in amylose content, the gel consistency and protein content between different densities, and the quality of rice of the remaining varieties was not significantly affected by cultivation density. Under the ecological conditions of this study, the indica rice variety ‘Guang8you 1973’ was selected to carry out rice dry seeding under the cultivation density of 1.08 million/hm² to 1.26 million/hm², and the group growth could be suitable for this ecological and environmental conditions and achieve high yield.

Key words: cultivation density, dry cultivation of rice, growth characteristics, yield, rice quality

HUANG Xiaorong, CUN Jie, GUAN Junjiao, LI Xiaolin, LUO Jinchao, KUI Limei, WANG Chengran, GU Anyu, TAN Jing, ZHANG Jianhua. Effects of Cultivation Density on Yield and Quality of Dry Seeding[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(27): 1-8.

Figures/Tables 7

References 33

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处理	生育期（月-日）
处理	播种期	出苗期	孕穗期	齐穗期	成熟期
A₁B₁	05-12	05-30	09-04	09-23	10-18
A₁B₂	05-12	05-25	09-04	09-23	10-18
A₁B₃	05-12	05-25	09-02	09-20	10-16
A₁B₄	05-12	05-25	09-02	09-20	10-16
A₂B₁	05-12	05-30	08-31	09-16	10-11
A₂B₂	05-12	05-26	09-02	09-16	10-11
A₂B₃	05-12	05-25	09-02	09-13	10-08
A₂B₄	05-12	05-25	09-02	09-13	10-08
A₃B₁	05-12	05-30	08-14	08-28	10-03
A₃B₂	05-12	05-30	08-16	08-28	10-03
A₃B₃	05-12	05-26	08-18	08-30	10-06
A₃B₄	05-12	05-26	08-18	08-30	10-06
A₄B₁	05-12	05-30	09-06	09-18	10-07
A₄B₂	05-12	05-30	09-06	09-18	10-07
A₄B₃	05-12	05-28	09-08	09-18	10-07
A₄B₄	05-12	05-28	09-08	09-20	10-08

处理	生育期（月-日）
处理	播种期	出苗期	孕穗期	齐穗期	成熟期
A₁B₁	05-12	05-30	09-04	09-23	10-18
A₁B₂	05-12	05-25	09-04	09-23	10-18
A₁B₃	05-12	05-25	09-02	09-20	10-16
A₁B₄	05-12	05-25	09-02	09-20	10-16
A₂B₁	05-12	05-30	08-31	09-16	10-11
A₂B₂	05-12	05-26	09-02	09-16	10-11
A₂B₃	05-12	05-25	09-02	09-13	10-08
A₂B₄	05-12	05-25	09-02	09-13	10-08
A₃B₁	05-12	05-30	08-14	08-28	10-03
A₃B₂	05-12	05-30	08-16	08-28	10-03
A₃B₃	05-12	05-26	08-18	08-30	10-06
A₃B₄	05-12	05-26	08-18	08-30	10-06
A₄B₁	05-12	05-30	09-06	09-18	10-07
A₄B₂	05-12	05-30	09-06	09-18	10-07
A₄B₃	05-12	05-28	09-08	09-18	10-07
A₄B₄	05-12	05-28	09-08	09-20	10-08

因素		孕穗期			齐穗期
因素		剑叶	倒二叶	倒三叶	剑叶	倒二叶	倒三叶
品种	A₁	30.48 b	36.13 b	36.29 bc	42.20bc	40.86b	41.20a
	A₂	31.17 b	35.16 b	34.78 c	39.04c	42.45b	41.57a
	A₃	38.13 a	42.79 a	41.76 a	49.13a	50.25a	47.19a
	A₄	39.51 a	41.34 a	40.07 ab	45.11ab	46.07ab	43.98a
密度	B₁	35.78 a	39.95 ab	39.41 a	45.85ab	46.63ab	46.49a
	B₂	37.03 a	42.07 a	38.97 a	46.30a	48.84a	45.53a
	B₃	31.03 b	36.97 b	37.79 a	41.12b	43.05ab	41.35a
	B₄	35.45 a	36.44 b	36.73 a	42.21ab	41.10b	40.57a

因素		孕穗期			齐穗期
因素		剑叶	倒二叶	倒三叶	剑叶	倒二叶	倒三叶
品种	A₁	30.48 b	36.13 b	36.29 bc	42.20bc	40.86b	41.20a
	A₂	31.17 b	35.16 b	34.78 c	39.04c	42.45b	41.57a
	A₃	38.13 a	42.79 a	41.76 a	49.13a	50.25a	47.19a
	A₄	39.51 a	41.34 a	40.07 ab	45.11ab	46.07ab	43.98a
密度	B₁	35.78 a	39.95 ab	39.41 a	45.85ab	46.63ab	46.49a
	B₂	37.03 a	42.07 a	38.97 a	46.30a	48.84a	45.53a
	B₃	31.03 b	36.97 b	37.79 a	41.12b	43.05ab	41.35a
	B₄	35.45 a	36.44 b	36.73 a	42.21ab	41.10b	40.57a

品种及类型			处理		密度/（万/hm²）		产量/(kg/hm²)		有效穗/（万穗/hm²）		穗长/cm		实粒数/（粒/穗）	结实率/%	千粒重/g
籼稻	华浙优261(A₁)		A₁B₁		72		5490.75 c		236.60 b		18.69 bc		98.00 bc	70.78 c	23.13 b
			A₁B₂		90		6491.70 bc		270.70 b		18.18 c		103.67 bc	75.34 abc	23.49 b
			A₁B₃		108		7590.35 abc		291.50 b		18.81 bc		95.67 c	73.07 bc	23.65 b
			A₁B₄		126		8723.85 ab		368.35 a		18.82 bc		95.00 c	75.15 abc	23.71 b
			平均值				7074.16		291.75		18.62		98.08	73.58	23.49
	广8优1973(A₂)		A₂B₁		72		8128.85 ab		258.60 b		21.40 a		152.00 a	80.57 ab	28.01 a
			A₂B₂		90		8293.35 ab		284.20 b		20.61 ab		131.33 ab	78.66 abc	27.91 a
			A₂B₃		108		9927.00 a		375.70 a		19.80 abc		145.00 a	76.84 abc	26.69 a
			A₂B₄		126		9636.2a		378.40 a		21.03 a		138.33 a	81.64 a	27.09 a
					平均值		8996.40		324.30		20.71		141.67	79.42	27.43
粳稻	云两优502(A₃)	A₃B₁		72		3139.10 c		182.55 a		17.23 ab		119.33 a		84.85 ab	27.50 ab
		A₃B₂		90		3590.10 bc		225.60 a		16.88 ab		115.67 a		93.16 ab	28.11 a
		A₃B₃		108		3626.60 bc		192.35 a		16.75 ab		106.67 ab		93.44 ab	28.06 a
		A₃B₄		126		4146.10 ab		200.00 a		17.39 a		114.67 a		94.07 a	28.22 a
		平均值				3626.50		200.10		17.60		114.08		91.38	27.97
	云科粳1号(A₄)	A₄B₁		72		3703.90 abc		186.45 a		16.24 abc		81.00 bc		81.48 b	25.95 b
		A₄B₂		90		3873.40 abc		211.70 a		15.14 c		77.00 c		81.35 b	25.74 b
		A₄B₃		108		4305.65 ab		229.95 a		15.18 c		79.33 c		85.21 ab	26.60 ab
		A₄B₄		126		4435.00 a		214.20 a		15.72 bc		76.67 c		84.54 ab	26.62 ab
		平均值				4079.55		210.60		15.57		78.5		83.14	26.23