The Appropriate Sowing Rate of Wheat Under the Climate Conditions of Jianghan Plain

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0192

Abstract

Abstract:

In Jianghan Plain, there is a lot of rain in autumn, and wheat often cannot be sown at the right time. In order to make up for the impact of late sowing on wheat yield, blindly increasing the sowing rate is common in the area, which can cause late lodging and wheat yield decrease rather than increase. Through a two-year field experiment, the effects of different sowing rates on wheat yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied, and the suitable sowing rates of wheat in Jianghan Plain under different climatic conditions were explored, in order to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat cultivation in this area. In the extreme climate years from 2018 to 2019 and the normal climate years from 2019 to 2020, a field trial of wheat sowing was arranged in Wuhan, the wheat production area of the Jianghan Plain. The experiment adopted a three-factor resplitting area design. The main area factor was the variety: ‘Emai 580’, ‘Emai 170’ and ‘Zhengmai 9023’ were three wheat varieties. The sub-area factor was fertilizer: nitrogen application (150 kg/hm²) and no nitrogen application were set. The split plot factor was the sowing rate: treatments of 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg/hm² were set. The results showed that the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of ‘Emai 580’ in extreme and normal climate years were the highest when the sowing rate was 225 kg/hm² and 150 kg/hm², respectively. The grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of ‘Emai 170’ and ‘Zhengmai 9023’ both performed well when the sowing rate was 225 kg/hm², but the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in normal climate years were significantly higher than those in extreme climate years. The quadratic equation was used to fit the relationship between yield and the sowing rate, the optimum sowing rate of ‘Emai 580’, ‘Emai 170’, and ‘Zhengmai 9023’ in extreme climate years was 239.9, 242.5 and 218.5 kg/hm², respectively; the optimum sowing rate in normal climate years was 159.2, 253.3 and 235.1kg/hm², respectively. Considering the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency comprehensively, the suitable sowing rate of ‘Emai 170’ and ‘Zhengmai 9023’ in Jianghan Plain is 225-255 kg/hm², and that of ‘Emai 580’ is 150-170 kg/hm² in normal climate years. In extreme climate years, the suitable sowing rate of ‘Emai 170’ and ‘Zhengmai 9023’ is 215-245 kg/hm², and that of ‘Emai 580’ is 225-240 kg/hm².

Key words: wheat, sowing rate, yield, nitrogen use efficiency, Jianghan Plain

ZHANG Zihao, LI Xiangcheng, WU Haotian, FU Penghao, GAO Chunbao, ZHANG Yunbo, ZOU Juan. The Appropriate Sowing Rate of Wheat Under the Climate Conditions of Jianghan Plain[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(7): 1-9.

Figures/Tables 8

References 27

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年份	碱解氮/ (mg/kg)	速效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)	有机质/ (g/kg)	pH
2018—2019	43.7	56.7	178.0	40.9	6.34
2019—2020	137.5	53.9	136.1	35.1	5.8

年份	碱解氮/ (mg/kg)	速效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)	有机质/ (g/kg)	pH
2018—2019	43.7	56.7	178.0	40.9	6.34
2019—2020	137.5	53.9	136.1	35.1	5.8

年份	品种	穗数	穗粒数	千粒重
2018—2019	鄂麦580	0.745^**	-0.908^**	-0.819^**
	鄂麦170	0.812^**	-0.874^**	-0.241
	郑麦9023	0.756^**	-0.669^*	-0.436
2019—2020	鄂麦580	0.847^**	-0.809^**	-0.460
	鄂麦170	0.809^**	-0.939^**	-0.137
	郑麦9023	0.812^**	-0.874^**	-0.241

年份	品种	穗数	穗粒数	千粒重
2018—2019	鄂麦580	0.745^**	-0.908^**	-0.819^**
	鄂麦170	0.812^**	-0.874^**	-0.241
	郑麦9023	0.756^**	-0.669^*	-0.436
2019—2020	鄂麦580	0.847^**	-0.809^**	-0.460
	鄂麦170	0.809^**	-0.939^**	-0.137
	郑麦9023	0.812^**	-0.874^**	-0.241

年份	品种	产量
2018—2019	鄂麦580	0.750^**
	鄂麦170	0.724^**
	郑麦9023	0.540
2019—2020	鄂麦580	-0.456
	鄂麦170	0.831^**
	郑麦9023	0.724^**