The Occurrence Cause and Prevention and Control Measures of Rice Straighthead Disease in Dryland-to-Paddy Field

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0265

Abstract

Abstract:

Rice straighthead disease is a physiological disease in rice production and occurs seriously in dryland-to-paddy field in recent years, which leads to substantial rice yield loss. The lack of definite causative factor for rice straighthead disease makes its prevention and control very difficult. Based on the occurrence of rice straighthead disease and the results of field experiments in dryland-to-paddy field in Chaling County of Hunan Province in 2020 and 2021, the cause of this disease was analyzed in detail and major strategies for its prevention and control were proposed in this study. The results from our investigation indicated that the rates of diseased panicle and grain in dryland-to-paddy field were 26.42% and 26.96% in 2020 respectively, and 26.30% and 24.00% in 2021 respectively, which resulted in yield loss by 25.11% and 22.92% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Furthermore, we found that serious soil compaction, poor soil aeration, low organic matter and continuous flooding were the major causes of serious occurrence of rice straighthead disease. By adopting a series of targeted measures, such as applying more organic fertilizer, sulfur-containing fertilizer like potassium sulfate and quicklime, and draining off the irrigation water, the rice straighthead disease was effectively controlled, the rates of diseased panicle and grain in prevention and control plots were only 1.36% and 0.72%, respectively, but were up to 26.30% and 24.00% in the blank control plots, respectively. This study could provide certain reference for the prevention and control of rice straighthead disease in dryland-to-paddy field.

Key words: rice, straighthead disease, dryland-to-paddy field, occurrence cause, prevention and control measures

LIU Weixi, YIN Wenfeng, LI Xiaojuan, XIAO Youlun. The Occurrence Cause and Prevention and Control Measures of Rice Straighthead Disease in Dryland-to-Paddy Field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(8): 85-89.

Figures/Tables 3

References 21

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名称	治理区	空白对照区
生石灰	生石灰1875 kg/hm²	不施
底肥	46%硫酸钾复混肥450 kg/hm²	45%氯基复混肥525 kg/hm²
有机肥	3000 kg/hm²	不施有机肥
追肥	尿素112.5 kg/hm²	尿素225 kg/hm²
孕穗初期补钾肥	硫酸钾150 kg/hm²	氯化钾150 kg/hm²
水分管理	前期保持浅水层、够苗晒田，孕穗期不断水，抽穗期留水层，抽穗后干湿交替	前期深水灌溉、后期不晒田淹水到收割前
叶面肥	孕穗期、抽穗期各喷阿泰灵一次	不喷施

名称	治理区	空白对照区
生石灰	生石灰1875 kg/hm²	不施
底肥	46%硫酸钾复混肥450 kg/hm²	45%氯基复混肥525 kg/hm²
有机肥	3000 kg/hm²	不施有机肥
追肥	尿素112.5 kg/hm²	尿素225 kg/hm²
孕穗初期补钾肥	硫酸钾150 kg/hm²	氯化钾150 kg/hm²
水分管理	前期保持浅水层、够苗晒田，孕穗期不断水，抽穗期留水层，抽穗后干湿交替	前期深水灌溉、后期不晒田淹水到收割前
叶面肥	孕穗期、抽穗期各喷阿泰灵一次	不喷施

调查田块	2020年				2021年
调查田块	发病穗率/%	发病粒率/%	实测产量/(kg/hm²)	减产率/%	发病穗率/%	发病粒率/%	实测产量/(kg/hm²)	减产率/%
旱改水田	26.42±8.42^*	26.96±2.00	7121.00 ±193.81	25.11±1.01	26.30±9.63	24.00±2.94	7411.50±287.72	22.92±1.94
连作水稻田	0.68±0.25	0.49±0.14	9508.50±159.67	-	0.86±0.19	0.43±0.10	9615.00±144.10	-

调查田块	2020年				2021年
调查田块	发病穗率/%	发病粒率/%	实测产量/(kg/hm²)	减产率/%	发病穗率/%	发病粒率/%	实测产量/(kg/hm²)	减产率/%
旱改水田	26.42±8.42^*	26.96±2.00	7121.00 ±193.81	25.11±1.01	26.30±9.63	24.00±2.94	7411.50±287.72	22.92±1.94
连作水稻田	0.68±0.25	0.49±0.14	9508.50±159.67	-	0.86±0.19	0.43±0.10	9615.00±144.10	-

调查田块及处理名称		病穗率及防效		病粒率及防效		产量及增产率
调查田块及处理名称		发病穗率/%	防效/%	发病粒率/%	防效/%	实测产量/(kg/hm²)	增产率/%
旱改水田	空白对照区	26.30±8.42 A^a^*	-	24.00±2.94 Aa	-	7411.50±287.72 Bb	-
旱改水田	综合治理区	1.36±0.32 Bb	94.50±1.13	0.72±0.17 Bb	96.96±1.03	9548.50±37.87 Aa	29.02±4.71
连作水稻田		0.86±0.19 Bb	-	0.43±0.10 Bb	-	9615.00±144.10 Aa	29.82±3.32