Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Nitrogen in Surface Water of Paddy Field by Equal Nitrogen Organic Substitution

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0391

Abstract

Abstract:

To prevent and control the loss of nitrogen runoff in paddy fields in plateau lake basins and protect the ecological environment of receiving water bodies, under the paddy-upland rotation planting pattern in Erhai Lake Basin, four equal nitrogen organic substitution treatments were set up, including no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (NPKS), and total replacement of organic fertilizer (SS). The dynamic changes of nitrogen concentration in surface water of paddy field were studied, and the effect of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on nitrogen loss in surface water was discussed. The results showed that the concentrations of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, Org-N and TN in surface water increased rapidly after the application of base fertilizer, and reached the peak within 3-7 days. 7 days after fertilization was the key risk period to prevent the loss of nitrogen in surface water. The proportion of NH₄⁺-N/TN concentration in surface water was 39.01%-54.01%, the proportion of NO₃^--N/TN concentration was 11.33%-21.62%, and the proportion of Org-N/TN concentration was 33.85%-41.94%. The application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen increased the proportion of NH₄⁺-N/TN concentration in surface water, and the application of organic fertilizer increased the proportion of NO₃^--N/TN and Org-N/TN concentration in surface water. The response of organic substitution of equal nitrogen amount to nitrogen concentration in surface water decreased with the increase of fertilization days. The concentration changes of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, Org-N and TN in surface water decreased in a quadratic polynomial, and the nitrogen concentration in surface water tended to be stable at a low level after 35-40 days of nitrogen application. Among the three organic substitution planting methods, NPKS treatment could reduce the nitrogen concentration in surface water and reduce the risk of nitrogen loss in paddy fields.

Key words: equal nitrogen, organic substitution, paddy-upland rotation, surface water of the paddy field, nitrogen loss

FU Bin, HU Wanli, NI Ming, LI Zhiwu, WANG Chi, CHEN Anqiang, YAN Hui, ZHAO Xinmei, CHEN Xingwei, YANG Shuming. Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Nitrogen in Surface Water of Paddy Field by Equal Nitrogen Organic Substitution[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(11): 36-43.

Figures/Tables 9

References 28

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处理	氮素形态	曲线拟合方程	理论最大值	理论最小值	天数/d
CK	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0017x²-0.1009x+2.924	2.92	1.42	29.67
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0007x²-0.051x+1.288	1.28	0.35	36.43
	Org-N	y=0.0026x²-0.1538x+2.783	2.78	0.50	29.58
	TN	y=0.0049x²-0.3057x+6.994	6.99	2.22	31.19
NPK	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0053x²-0.406x+8.024	8.02	0.24	38.30
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0007x²-0.0539x+1.451	1.45	0.41	38.50
	Org-N	y=0.0024x²-0.1595x+3.169	3.16	0.51	33.23
	TN	y=0.0131x²-0.9572x+17.664	17.66	0.17	36.53
NPKS	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0079x²-0.5422x+9.709	9.70	0.40	34.32
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0009x²-0.0677x+1.767	1.76	0.49	37.61
	Org-N	y=0.0013x²-0.0932x+2.691	2.69	1.02	35.85
	TN	y=0.0136x²-0.9566x+17.788	17.78	0.96	35.17
SS	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0014x²-0.1186x+4.5379	4.53	2.02	42.36
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0019x²-0.1535x+3.4369	3.43	0.33	40.39
	Org-N	y=0.0035x²-0.2729x+6.079	6.07	0.75	38.99
	TN	y=0.0068x²-0.545x+14.053	14.05	3.13	40.07

处理	氮素形态	曲线拟合方程	理论最大值	理论最小值	天数/d
CK	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0017x²-0.1009x+2.924	2.92	1.42	29.67
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0007x²-0.051x+1.288	1.28	0.35	36.43
	Org-N	y=0.0026x²-0.1538x+2.783	2.78	0.50	29.58
	TN	y=0.0049x²-0.3057x+6.994	6.99	2.22	31.19
NPK	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0053x²-0.406x+8.024	8.02	0.24	38.30
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0007x²-0.0539x+1.451	1.45	0.41	38.50
	Org-N	y=0.0024x²-0.1595x+3.169	3.16	0.51	33.23
	TN	y=0.0131x²-0.9572x+17.664	17.66	0.17	36.53
NPKS	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0079x²-0.5422x+9.709	9.70	0.40	34.32
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0009x²-0.0677x+1.767	1.76	0.49	37.61
	Org-N	y=0.0013x²-0.0932x+2.691	2.69	1.02	35.85
	TN	y=0.0136x²-0.9566x+17.788	17.78	0.96	35.17
SS	NH₄⁺-N	y=0.0014x²-0.1186x+4.5379	4.53	2.02	42.36
	NO₃^--N	y=0.0019x²-0.1535x+3.4369	3.43	0.33	40.39
	Org-N	y=0.0035x²-0.2729x+6.079	6.07	0.75	38.99
	TN	y=0.0068x²-0.545x+14.053	14.05	3.13	40.07