Impact of Straw Returning Combined with Fertilizer Application on Soil Nutrients and Agronomic Traits and Yield of Highland Barley

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0029

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aimed to investigate the effects of combining rapeseed straw returning and chemical fertilizer application on soil nutrient composition, agronomic traits and yield of highland barley in Tibet, to provide a scientific basis for the efficient utilization of rapeseed straw resources as fertilizer in this region. Field experiments were conducted using the cultivar ‘Zangqing 3000’. Four levels of fertilization were applied (urea and diammonium phosphate at rates of 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/hm², and 0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm², respectively), alongside four levels of rapeseed straw returning (0, 1500, 3000 and 6000 kg/hm²). The results showed that rapeseed straw returning predominantly influenced the total phosphorus and organic matter content in the topsoil, while the fertilization primarily affected total nitrogen and phosphorus content, with no significant effect on other soil nutrients. In terms of agronomic traits such as basic seedling number, plant height, effective panicle number and yield of highland barley, there were significant differences between different fertilization levels. At the same time, there were also significant differences in basic seedling number and yield between different straw retuning treatments. The integration of straw returning and chemical fertilizer application was found to enhance barley yield compared to the exclusive use of chemical fertilizers. The maximum barley yield was achieved with a straw returning of 6000 kg/hm² (full returning) and application of urea and diammonium phosphate at 180 and 225 kg/hm², respectively, resulting in a 4.03% yield increase compared to the yield without straw returning at equivalent fertilization levels. In conclusion, in Tibet, rapeseed straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer application can not only enhances soil nutrient, but also significantly increase the yield of highland barley.

Key words: Tibet, rapeseed straw returning, soil nutrients, highland barley, agronomic traits, yield, yield impact, chemical fertilization

LI Shimeng, YUAN Yuting, NAN Zhiqiang, WANG Jinxiong. Impact of Straw Returning Combined with Fertilizer Application on Soil Nutrients and Agronomic Traits and Yield of Highland Barley[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(27): 90-96.

Figures/Tables 6

References 25

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处理	pH	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	全钾/(g/kg)	水解性氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
基础土壤	8.54	1.10	0.72	22.13	90	21.38	45.77	19.09
A0	8.37a	1.09a	0.67b	21.97a	85.03a	20.59a	40.89a	17.45b
A1	8.42a	1.10a	0.66b	21.77a	81.96a	22.93a	42.44a	18.49b
A2	8.39a	1.08a	0.77a	21.69a	83.89a	20.48a	39.58a	17.04b
A4	8.36a	1.11a	0.70ab	21.64a	83.53a	22.78a	42.50a	23.60a
B1	8.35a	1.09ab	0.70ab	21.44a	83.77a	21.27a	42.33a	18.76a
B2	8.39a	1.06b	0.66b	22.05a	83.36a	20.46a	40.78a	19.49a
B3	8.39a	1.11ab	0.68ab	21.64a	83.52a	20.80a	39.90a	18.79a
B4	8.40a	1.12a	0.75a	21.93a	83.76a	23.68a	41.70a	18.77a

处理	pH	全氮/(g/kg)	全磷/(g/kg)	全钾/(g/kg)	水解性氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)
基础土壤	8.54	1.10	0.72	22.13	90	21.38	45.77	19.09
A0	8.37a	1.09a	0.67b	21.97a	85.03a	20.59a	40.89a	17.45b
A1	8.42a	1.10a	0.66b	21.77a	81.96a	22.93a	42.44a	18.49b
A2	8.39a	1.08a	0.77a	21.69a	83.89a	20.48a	39.58a	17.04b
A4	8.36a	1.11a	0.70ab	21.64a	83.53a	22.78a	42.50a	23.60a
B1	8.35a	1.09ab	0.70ab	21.44a	83.77a	21.27a	42.33a	18.76a
B2	8.39a	1.06b	0.66b	22.05a	83.36a	20.46a	40.78a	19.49a
B3	8.39a	1.11ab	0.68ab	21.64a	83.52a	20.80a	39.90a	18.79a
B4	8.40a	1.12a	0.75a	21.93a	83.76a	23.68a	41.70a	18.77a

变量	基本苗	株高	穗长	穗粒数	有效穗数	产量
施肥处理B	39.52^*	5.04^*	0.35	0.28	2.98^*	18.15^*
秸秆还田量A	66.59^*	1.42	0.50	1.29	1.96	3.66^*
互作B×A	49.92^*	1.02	0.08	0.12	19.32^*	0.58

变量	基本苗	株高	穗长	穗粒数	有效穗数	产量
施肥处理B	39.52^*	5.04^*	0.35	0.28	2.98^*	18.15^*
秸秆还田量A	66.59^*	1.42	0.50	1.29	1.96	3.66^*
互作B×A	49.92^*	1.02	0.08	0.12	19.32^*	0.58

	施肥处理	A0	A1	A2	A4	平均值
基本苗数/ (万株/hm²)	B1	17.86	27.30	21.89	20.36	21.85b
	B2	23.61	24.70	21.80	22.58	23.17a
	B3	19.02	18.71	22.95	22.22	20.72c
	B4	17.78	18.12	23.13	17.05	19.02d
	平均值	19.57c	22.20a	22.44a	20.55b
株高/ cm	B1	121.37	116.87	116.25	107.98	115.62b
	B2	122.08	124.03	117.96	117.52	120.40ab
	B3	126.03	124.20	121.29	122.44	123.49a
	B4	121.53	127.83	121.73	128.63	124.93a
	平均值	122.75a	123.23a	119.31a	119.14a
穗长/ cm	B1	6.75	7.26	7.98	7.02	7.25a
	B2	5.72	7.68	6.35	7.17	6.73a
	B3	5.93	7.50	7.50	8.05	7.24a
	B4	7.20	7.90	8.12	8.71	7.98a
	平均值	6.40a	7.59a	7.49a	7.74a
穗粒数/ (粒/穗)	B1	52.00	47.74	48.48	59.76	52.00a
	B2	47.00	48.26	51.84	58.80	51.48a
	B3	55.62	47.20	53.98	58.60	53.85a
	B4	53.60	55.08	54.40	60.10	55.80a
	平均值	52.06a	49.57a	52.18a	59.32a
有效穗数/ (万穗/hm²)	B1	17.43	23.03	16.21	17.18	18.46b
	B2	21.28	19.65	18.28	17.55	19.19ab
	B3	18.12	17.54	19.30	19.75	18.68ab
	B4	18.74	17.54	20.59	20.77	19.41a
	平均值	18.89a	19.44a	18.60a	18.81a