Abstract:

The aim of this study was to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of peanut varieties by comprehensively evaluating the plant traits, yield, nutrient content and resistance traits of different peanut varieties (lines). Eight different peanut varieties (lines) were selected as materials for the study, and key traits and resistance performance were analyzed in depth and combined with correlation analyses to assess the genetic differences among different varieties and the correlations among their traits. The results of the study showed that the coefficients of variation for oleic acid to linoleic acid ratio, linoleic acid content, oleic acid content, 100-pods weight, and number of full pods per plant were high at 21.87%, 11.08%, 10.51%, 11.07%, and 9.95%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed highly significant positive correlations between pod yield and seed kernel yield, main stem height and lateral branch length, while highly significant negative correlations were observed between total number of branches and number of fruiting branches. In addition, number of branches, number of fruiting branches and number of full pods were key factors affecting yield potential. Therefore, improved strategies to increase peanut yield should focus on increasing the number of branches, fruiting branches, and the number of full pods. The comprehensive analysis results showed that 'Shanghua 21' variety was the best performer in terms of yield, resistance to inversion and disease, and it was an ideal choice for popularization of planting within Henan Province. The findings of this study provide an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the genetic improvement and yield enhancement of peanut varieties.

Key words: peanut, yield, agronomic traits, quality traits, correlation analysis