Effect of Foliar Exogenous ABA on Grain Yield and Quality of Different Maize Varieties Under Different N Rates

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0021

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effect of plant endogenous hormone abscisic acid (ABA) on maize grain quality under nitrogen reduction conditions, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental base of Xihua County Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. Four major summer maize cultivars, including ‘ZD958’, ‘LP638’, ‘YF303’ and ‘QL368’, were selected as experimental materials, and three N application of 225, 180 and 90 kg/hm², and two foliar ABA treatments of no foliar ABA and foliar ABA were setup. The effect of foliar ABA under the different nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield and quality among the varieties was researched. The results showed that the grain yield reduced under the nitrogen fertilization reduction, and spraying ABA had no significant effect on yield. ‘QL368’ had the lowest yield of 8.62 t/hm². The yield of ‘YF303’ treated with normal nitrogen without ABA was the highest, and there was no significant difference between ‘YF303’ treated with normal nitrogen and ABA. The total starch content and yield were the highest at 225 kg/hm², which were 74.96 % and 7.08t/hm² respectively, same trend as the amylopectin content among the nitrogen treatments. It had no effect on the protein yield and gliadin, glutenin and crude fat content among N treatments. Foliar ABA decreased the grain starch and its component content and yield, protein yield, and crude fiber content. ‘YF303’ had the highest starch and its component content and yield, and ‘QL368’ had the highest protein content and protein but lowest crude fiber content. Among the treatments, under N application of 225 kg/hm² and foliar ABA, ‘YF303’ had the highest total starch content and yield, amylopectin and protein yield. Thus, in this condition, N application 225 kg/hm² and foliar 40 mg/L ABA solution 2000 L/hm² 3 d after silking could increase grain yield, total starch content, and starch, amylopectin and protein yield of ‘YF303’, therefore resulting in high yield and quality in the maize productions.

Key words: summer maize, N application, abscisic acid (ABA), grain yield, grain quality

ZHANG Panpan, SHAO Yunhui, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, HAN Linlin, LI Chuan, ZHANG Meiwei, ZHAO Shuangsuo, HU Yanqi, SONG Jianhua, QIAO Jiangfang. Effect of Foliar Exogenous ABA on Grain Yield and Quality of Different Maize Varieties Under Different N Rates[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(24): 8-19.

Figures/Tables 9

References 32

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处理			穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	秃尖长/cm	穗行数	行粒数	千粒重/g	产量/(t/hm²)
氮处理	ABA处理	品种	穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	秃尖长/cm	穗行数	行粒数	千粒重/g	产量/(t/hm²)
HN	F0	P1	94.17 bcdefg	24.17 ab	0.07 j	15.60 abcde	39.73 a	352.92 abcd	10.29 ab
		P2	98.83 abc	21.83 de	1.07 fgh	14.93 bcde	39.87 a	355.10 abcd	10.14 ab
		P3	89.33 fg	23.33 abc	0.91 ghi	15.60 abcde	36.13 abcde	351.28 abcd	11.51 a
		P4	99.00 abc	23.83 abc	1.84 bc	15.87 abc	37.07 abcde	367.85 a	9.46 bc
	FABA	P1	91.83 defg	23.83 abc	0.40 ij	15.07 bcde	38.73 abc	352.39 abcd	10.21 ab
		P2	95.67 abcdef	21.83 de	1.19 defg	15.20 abcde	38.67 abc	336.69 cd	10.00 ab
		P3	95.83 abcde	23.33 abc	1.73 bcde	15.73 abcd	37.13 abcde	359.44 abc	10.29 ab
		P4	95.33 abcdefg	23.50 abc	1.51 cdefg	15.47 abcde	34.20 def	357.33 abc	8.80 bc
MN	F0	P1	90.67 efg	24.33 a	0.21 j	15.87 abc	38.07 abcd	350.74 abcd	9.75 ab
		P2	100.17 ab	22.17 de	1.13 efg	15.60 abcde	39.33 ab	346.15 abcd	9.94 ab
		P3	95.83 abcde	23.17 bc	1.83 bc	16.13 ab	36.53 abcde	347.19 abcd	9.90 ab
		P4	99.17 abc	23.67 abc	2.27 b	15.73 abcd	35.27 bcdef	365.11 ab	8.92 bc
	FABA	P1	89.17 g	24.17 ab	0.23 j	15.87 abc	38.20 abcd	341.61 bcd	9.29 bc
		P2	101.67 a	21.67 e	1.10 efg	14.80 cde	36.73 abcde	333.01 d	9.06 bc
		P3	93.33 cdefg	22.83 cd	1.50 cdefg	15.87 abc	35.27 bcdef	342.79 bcd	9.14 bc
		P4	98.33 abcd	23.33 abc	3.10 a	15.33 abcde	31.80 fg	350.33 abcd	7.73 c
LN	F0	P1	92.33 defg	23.67 abc	0.47 hij	15.20 abcde	37.93 abcd	347.75 abcd	9.55 bc
		P2	95.93 abcde	21.50 e	1.31 cdefg	14.53 de	37.47 abcde	343.39 bcd	9.58 bc
		P3	92.67 cdefg	22.83 cd	1.37 cdefg	16.00 abc	34.93 cdef	353.61 abcd	10.20 ab
		P4	98.33 abcd	23.83 abc	1.79 bcd	16.40 a	37.80 abcd	363.47 ab	9.08 bc
	FABA	P1	92.00 defg	24.17 ab	0.35 ij	15.07 bcde	37.67 abcd	356.07 abcd	9.02 bc
		P2	96.50 abcde	21.50 e	0.90 ghi	14.40 e	38.87 abc	354.73 abcd	9.73 ab
		P3	91.33 efg	22.83 cd	1.56 cdef	15.20 abcde	33.53 efg	356.37 abcd	8.80 bc
		P4	94.50 bcdefg	23.33 abc	3.00 a	15.60 abcde	30.47 g	356.65 abc	7.75 c
HN			95.00 a	23.21 a	1.09 b	15.43 a	37.69 a	354.13 a	10.09 a
MN			96.04 a	23.17 a	1.42 a	15.65 a	36.40 b	347.12 a	9.22 b
LN			94.20 a	22.96 a	1.34 a	15.30 a	36.08 b	354.01 a	9.21 b
F0			95.54	23.19	1.19	15.62	37.51	353.71	9.86
FABA			94.63	23.03	1.38 ^*	15.30 ^*	35.94 ^**	349.79	9.15
P1			91.69 b	24.06 a	0.29 d	15.44 a	38.39 a	350.25 b	9.68 a
P2			98.13 a	21.75 d	1.12 c	14.91 b	38.49 a	344.85 b	9.74 a
P3			93.06 b	23.06 c	1.48 b	15.76 a	35.59 b	351.78 b	9.97 a
P4			97.44 a	23.58 b	2.25 a	15.73 a	34.43 b	360.12 a	8.62 b
AVG			95.08	23.11	1.28	15.46	36.73	351.75	9.51

处理			穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	秃尖长/cm	穗行数	行粒数	千粒重/g	产量/(t/hm²)
氮处理	ABA处理	品种	穗长/cm	穗粗/cm	秃尖长/cm	穗行数	行粒数	千粒重/g	产量/(t/hm²)
HN	F0	P1	94.17 bcdefg	24.17 ab	0.07 j	15.60 abcde	39.73 a	352.92 abcd	10.29 ab
		P2	98.83 abc	21.83 de	1.07 fgh	14.93 bcde	39.87 a	355.10 abcd	10.14 ab
		P3	89.33 fg	23.33 abc	0.91 ghi	15.60 abcde	36.13 abcde	351.28 abcd	11.51 a
		P4	99.00 abc	23.83 abc	1.84 bc	15.87 abc	37.07 abcde	367.85 a	9.46 bc
	FABA	P1	91.83 defg	23.83 abc	0.40 ij	15.07 bcde	38.73 abc	352.39 abcd	10.21 ab
		P2	95.67 abcdef	21.83 de	1.19 defg	15.20 abcde	38.67 abc	336.69 cd	10.00 ab
		P3	95.83 abcde	23.33 abc	1.73 bcde	15.73 abcd	37.13 abcde	359.44 abc	10.29 ab
		P4	95.33 abcdefg	23.50 abc	1.51 cdefg	15.47 abcde	34.20 def	357.33 abc	8.80 bc
MN	F0	P1	90.67 efg	24.33 a	0.21 j	15.87 abc	38.07 abcd	350.74 abcd	9.75 ab
		P2	100.17 ab	22.17 de	1.13 efg	15.60 abcde	39.33 ab	346.15 abcd	9.94 ab
		P3	95.83 abcde	23.17 bc	1.83 bc	16.13 ab	36.53 abcde	347.19 abcd	9.90 ab
		P4	99.17 abc	23.67 abc	2.27 b	15.73 abcd	35.27 bcdef	365.11 ab	8.92 bc
	FABA	P1	89.17 g	24.17 ab	0.23 j	15.87 abc	38.20 abcd	341.61 bcd	9.29 bc
		P2	101.67 a	21.67 e	1.10 efg	14.80 cde	36.73 abcde	333.01 d	9.06 bc
		P3	93.33 cdefg	22.83 cd	1.50 cdefg	15.87 abc	35.27 bcdef	342.79 bcd	9.14 bc
		P4	98.33 abcd	23.33 abc	3.10 a	15.33 abcde	31.80 fg	350.33 abcd	7.73 c
LN	F0	P1	92.33 defg	23.67 abc	0.47 hij	15.20 abcde	37.93 abcd	347.75 abcd	9.55 bc
		P2	95.93 abcde	21.50 e	1.31 cdefg	14.53 de	37.47 abcde	343.39 bcd	9.58 bc
		P3	92.67 cdefg	22.83 cd	1.37 cdefg	16.00 abc	34.93 cdef	353.61 abcd	10.20 ab
		P4	98.33 abcd	23.83 abc	1.79 bcd	16.40 a	37.80 abcd	363.47 ab	9.08 bc
	FABA	P1	92.00 defg	24.17 ab	0.35 ij	15.07 bcde	37.67 abcd	356.07 abcd	9.02 bc
		P2	96.50 abcde	21.50 e	0.90 ghi	14.40 e	38.87 abc	354.73 abcd	9.73 ab
		P3	91.33 efg	22.83 cd	1.56 cdef	15.20 abcde	33.53 efg	356.37 abcd	8.80 bc
		P4	94.50 bcdefg	23.33 abc	3.00 a	15.60 abcde	30.47 g	356.65 abc	7.75 c
HN			95.00 a	23.21 a	1.09 b	15.43 a	37.69 a	354.13 a	10.09 a
MN			96.04 a	23.17 a	1.42 a	15.65 a	36.40 b	347.12 a	9.22 b
LN			94.20 a	22.96 a	1.34 a	15.30 a	36.08 b	354.01 a	9.21 b
F0			95.54	23.19	1.19	15.62	37.51	353.71	9.86
FABA			94.63	23.03	1.38 ^*	15.30 ^*	35.94 ^**	349.79	9.15
P1			91.69 b	24.06 a	0.29 d	15.44 a	38.39 a	350.25 b	9.68 a
P2			98.13 a	21.75 d	1.12 c	14.91 b	38.49 a	344.85 b	9.74 a
P3			93.06 b	23.06 c	1.48 b	15.76 a	35.59 b	351.78 b	9.97 a
P4			97.44 a	23.58 b	2.25 a	15.73 a	34.43 b	360.12 a	8.62 b
AVG			95.08	23.11	1.28	15.46	36.73	351.75	9.51

处理			直链淀粉含量	支链淀粉含量	直/支
氮处理	ABA处理	品种	直链淀粉含量	支链淀粉含量	直/支
HN	F0	P1	31.30 ghi	68.70 cde	45.58 ghi
		P2	37.70 a	62.30 k	60.55 a
		P3	31.80 fghi	68.20 cdef	46.69 fghi
		P4	32.46 efghi	67.54 cdefg	48.22 efghi
	FABA	P1	33.96 cdefg	66.04 efghi	51.47 cdefg
		P2	22.48 k	77.52 a	29.00 j
		P3	25.06 j	74.94 b	33.44 j
		P4	30.55 hi	69.45 cd	44.00 hi
MN	F0	P1	33.13 defgh	66.87 defgh	49.61 defgh
		P2	30.22 i	69.78 c	43.41 hi
		P3	36.54 abc	63.46 ijk	57.60 abc
		P4	30.30 i	69.70 c	43.50 hi
	FABA	P1	36.12 abc	63.88 ijk	56.73 abc
		P2	34.96 bcde	65.04 ghij	53.77 bcde
		P3	34.29 bcdef	65.71 fghij	52.23 cdef
		P4	36.96 ab	63.05 jk	58.80 ab
LN	F0	P1	29.72 i	70.28 c	42.29 i
		P2	32.38 efghi	67.62 cdefg	47.97 efghi
		P3	30.05 i	69.95 c	42.99 i
		P4	36.54 abc	63.46 ijk	57.64 abc
	FABA	P1	35.54 abcd	64.46 hijk	55.57 abcd
		P2	34.29 bcdef	65.71 fghij	52.22 cdef
		P3	31.21 hi	68.79 cd	45.46 ghi
		P4	35.04 abcde	64.96 ghijk	53.99 bcde
HN			30.66 c	69.34 a	44.87 c
MN			34.06 a	65.94 c	51.96 a
LN			33.10 b	66.90 b	49.76 b
F0			32.68	67.32	48.84
FABA			32.54	67.46	48.89
P1			33.29 a	66.71 b	50.21 a
P2			32.00 b	68.00 a	47.82 b
P3			31.49 b	68.51 a	46.40 b
P4			33.64 a	66.36 b	51.02 a
AVG			32.61	67.39	48.39

处理			直链淀粉含量	支链淀粉含量	直/支
氮处理	ABA处理	品种	直链淀粉含量	支链淀粉含量	直/支
HN	F0	P1	31.30 ghi	68.70 cde	45.58 ghi
		P2	37.70 a	62.30 k	60.55 a
		P3	31.80 fghi	68.20 cdef	46.69 fghi
		P4	32.46 efghi	67.54 cdefg	48.22 efghi
	FABA	P1	33.96 cdefg	66.04 efghi	51.47 cdefg
		P2	22.48 k	77.52 a	29.00 j
		P3	25.06 j	74.94 b	33.44 j
		P4	30.55 hi	69.45 cd	44.00 hi
MN	F0	P1	33.13 defgh	66.87 defgh	49.61 defgh
		P2	30.22 i	69.78 c	43.41 hi
		P3	36.54 abc	63.46 ijk	57.60 abc
		P4	30.30 i	69.70 c	43.50 hi
	FABA	P1	36.12 abc	63.88 ijk	56.73 abc
		P2	34.96 bcde	65.04 ghij	53.77 bcde
		P3	34.29 bcdef	65.71 fghij	52.23 cdef
		P4	36.96 ab	63.05 jk	58.80 ab
LN	F0	P1	29.72 i	70.28 c	42.29 i
		P2	32.38 efghi	67.62 cdefg	47.97 efghi
		P3	30.05 i	69.95 c	42.99 i
		P4	36.54 abc	63.46 ijk	57.64 abc
	FABA	P1	35.54 abcd	64.46 hijk	55.57 abcd
		P2	34.29 bcdef	65.71 fghij	52.22 cdef
		P3	31.21 hi	68.79 cd	45.46 ghi
		P4	35.04 abcde	64.96 ghijk	53.99 bcde
HN			30.66 c	69.34 a	44.87 c
MN			34.06 a	65.94 c	51.96 a
LN			33.10 b	66.90 b	49.76 b
F0			32.68	67.32	48.84
FABA			32.54	67.46	48.89
P1			33.29 a	66.71 b	50.21 a
P2			32.00 b	68.00 a	47.82 b
P3			31.49 b	68.51 a	46.40 b
P4			33.64 a	66.36 b	51.02 a
AVG			32.61	67.39	48.39

处理			淀粉产量	直链淀粉产量	支链淀粉产量
氮处理	ABA处理	品种	淀粉产量	直链淀粉产量	支链淀粉产量
HN	F0	P1	7.54 abc	2.36 abcde	5.18 abcd
		P2	7.49 abc	2.82 a	4.67 cdef
		P3	8.81 a	2.81 ab	6.00 a
		P4	7.30 bc	2.37 abcde	4.93 bcd
	FABA	P1	7.35 bc	2.50 abcde	4.85 bcd
		P2	7.37 bc	1.66 f	5.71 ab
		P3	8.00a b	2.01 ef	6.00 a
		P4	6.61 bcd	2.02 ef	4.59 cdef
MN	F0	P1	7.56 abc	2.51 abcde	5.06 bcd
		P2	7.10 bcd	2.14 de	4.95 bcd
		P3	7.63a bc	2.79 abc	4.84 bcd
		P4	6.65 bcd	2.01 ef	4.64 cdef
	FABA	P1	6.72 bcd	2.43 abcde	4.29 def
		P2	6.54 cd	2.28 de	4.26 def
		P3	6.73b cd	2.31 cde	4.42 def
		P4	5.85 d	2.15 de	3.70 f
LN	F0	P1	7.32 bc	2.18 de	5.15 abcd
		P2	7.07 bcd	2.29 de	4.78 bcde
		P3	7.74 abc	2.33 bcde	5.41 abc
		P4	6.92 bcd	2.53 abcd	4.39 def
	FABA	P1	5.87 d	2.09 def	3.78 f
		P2	7.10 bcd	2.43 abcde	4.67 cdef
		P3	6.74 bcd	2.09def	4.65 cdef
		P4	5.89 d	2.06 def	3.83 ef
HN			7.56 a	2.32 a	5.24 a
MN			6.85 b	2.33 a	4.52 b
LN			6.83 b	2.25 a	4.58 b
F0			7.43	2.43	5.00
FABA			6.73 ^**	2.17 ^**	4.56 ^*
P1			7.06 b	2.34 ab	4.72 b
P2			7.11 b	2.27 ab	4.84 b
P3			7.61 a	2.39 a	5.22 a
P4			6.54 c	2.19 b	4.35 c
AVG			7.08	2.30	4.78