Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different crops on the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities, this study analyzed the rhizosphere soils of soybean (Glycine max), maize (Zea mays), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) using high-throughput sequencing technology to assess bacterial community composition and diversity. The results demonstrated significant differences in the composition, richness, and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities among the crops. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the most dominant groups, with Proteobacteria exhibiting the highest relative abundance (39%-48% of the total bacterial community). At the genus level, distinct variations were observed among the crops, particularly in the soybean treatment, which showed significant differences compared to the other two groups. Notably, Bradyrhizobium was the most dominant genus in the soybean rhizosphere, accounting for 7% of the total bacterial community. Analysis of community richness indices (Chao1 and ACE) and diversity indices (Shannon and Simpson) revealed that the soybean rhizosphere soil had the highest bacterial richness and diversity, while the sugar beet treatment group exhibited the lowest values. In conclusion, cultivating different crops significantly influences the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities. These findings provide a scientific basis for further understanding the relationship between crops and soil microbiota.

Key words: soybean, corn, sugar beets, rhizosphere soil, bacterial community, diversity