Abstract:

The study aimed to provide theoretical support for identifying the growth characteristics of new wheat strains in Huaibei District, Jiangsu Province, and for new varieties breeding direction and green high-efficiency and high-yield cultivation technology measures in Xuzhou and the same ecological area. Multiple agronomic character data and meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation and light during wheat growth period of 335 new wheat lines in Huaibei wheat regional experiment in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2022 were used to analyze the evolution law and their correlation in the past 20 years. The results showed that during the wheat growing period, the total precipitation increased by 2.1451 mm per year, and the total sunshine duration decreased by 5.5074 h per year. In January, February and March, the overall temperature rise was obvious, the overwintering period of wheat was gradually shortened, and the regreen jointing period was advanced. The proportion of increased wheat varieties in the test was fluctuating, but the overall trend was rising. The basic seedlings, maximum tiller, plant height, volume weight, number of ears and grain yield showed an increasing trend, the growth period was slightly shortened; the 1000-grain weight and grans per spike were basically flat, but slightly decreased. The coefficient of variation was the smallest in the growth period (2.71%). The highest number of tillers per hectare was 19.86%. The coefficient of variation of growth period, bulk weight and plant height was less than 10%, and the coefficient of variation of other traits was more than 10%. The results of comparison between the top 10 and the bottom 10 showed that wheat lines with more than 6.2 million panicle number, more than 35 grains per spike, more than 43g 1000-grain weight and more stable agronomic traits were more likely to obtain high yield. The correlation analysis results showed that the three factors of yield were positively correlated with yield, while the effective panicle number was negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight and the number of grains per panicle. Cultivating new varieties with three factors of yield synergistic improvement and matching cultivation measures to cope with climate change is an important way to achieve high and stable yield of wheat in Xuzhou and the same ecological area.

Key words: wheat, Huaibei Region, climate, regional experiment, agronomic traits, evolution