Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.3 Published:25 January 2025

  ‘Si te’ Late Indica Rice: Breeding, Yield Advantage and Growth and Development Characteristics LI Xinghua, CAI Xingxing, WANG Huan, ZHANG Sheng, LIU Xia, ZHOU Qiang 2025, 41 (3):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0112 Abstract + ( 55 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 19 ) The aim was to explore the growth and development characteristics of ‘Si te’ late indica rice and provide theoretical support for its promotion and application. Many years field tests were conducted, with the typical ‘Si te’ late indica rice variety ‘Xiyou 447’ and the main rice variety ‘Jinyou 207’ in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River as experimental materials. Yield and growth characteristics were measured and breeding progress of ‘Si te’ late indica rice was summarized. Whole growth period of ‘Xiyou 447’ was 3-5 days shorter than that of ‘Jinyou 207’, and yield was increased by 7.5%-19.4%. Yield advantage of ‘Xiyou 447’ was mainly due to its synergistic improvement of dry matter accumulation and harvest index, as well as the higher total grain number per spike. The initial and terminal time of fast accumulation period of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of ‘Xiyou 447’ were later than ‘Jinyou 207’, and mean accumulation speed was higher than ‘Jinyou 207’. Methane emission flux of ‘Xiyou 447’ was higher than ‘Jinyou 207’ at vegetative growth stage, but lower than ‘Jinyou 207’at heading and filling stage. In addition, ‘Xiyou 447’ had higher lodging resistance, which was mainly due to its lower plant height, shorter basal internode and higher stem wall thickness. ‘Si te’ late indica rice has short growth period, high yield, low methane emission and strong lodging resistance, so it has a good prospect for promotion and application.

  Quality Dynamic Changes of Nine Sweetpotato Varieties in Different Developmental Stages LUO Qinxiang, YAO Yanqiang, YANG Jiali, ZHANG Rong, JIANG Feng, WANG Zhangying 2025, 41 (3):  9-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0106 Abstract + ( 68 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1587KB )   ( 17 ) The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and main quality changes of nine yellow-fleshed sweetpotato (YFSP) varieties at different development stages, and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of fresh sweetpotato. Nine winter YFSP varieties were used as materials. The diameter, length, weight, flesh color, dry rate, starch, and soluble sugar content of sweetpotato at five development stages were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the diameter, length, weight and dry rate of single potato increased continuously during the development process. The growth rate of sweetpotato length of ‘Guangshu 79’ was the fastest at 45-105 d, and that of ‘Anna’ was the fastest at 135-165 d. The highest rate of increase in diameter and single sweetpotato weight was ‘Mashali’. The dry matter rate of ‘Guangshu 79’ increased the fastest. The soluble sugar content showed a downward trend during development, and ‘Guangshu 79’ showed the fastest decline. With the increase of starch content, ‘Guangshu 79’ increased rapidly in the early growth period of 45-105d, and ‘Anna’ increased fastest in 135-165d. The study found that the length, diameter, single root weight, dry rate and total starch content of YFSP tubers increased gradually with the growth and development period, and the content of soluble sugar decreased gradually. The rapid development and growth periods of different varieties of sweet potato were different.

  Correlation Analysis Between Sucrose Content in Peanuts and Meteorological Factors and Quality Traits HE Liu, YUAN Xiaoyan, ZHANG Yusong, LIU Lijing, ZHONG Liqiong, ZHAO Kaiqin, ZHANG Lifan, HE Xiaoying, FU Minglian 2025, 41 (3):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0160 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1084KB )   ( 11 ) In order to explore the correlation between peanut sucrose content and meteorological factors and quality traits such as oil, protein, oleic acid and linoleic acid content, the experimental materials were planted in the warm and cold areas for two consecutive years, and field agronomic date, yield data and meteorological data were collected. The quality of the test materials was analyzed by Perten DA7250 near-infrared spectrometer. The difference of sucrose content was evaluated by simple comparison, correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis. The average sucrose contents of the experimental materials in the cold and warm areas were 5.823% and 1.908%, respectively. The sucrose contents of W26, W172, W225, W239, W251, W377 and W411 germplasm were >2.5% in the warm region and >6% in the cold region. The sucrose content of peanut seed kernel was closely related to the temperature during the growth period, and was significantly negatively correlated with the average maximum temperature at the podding stage, and was significantly negatively correlated with the average minimum temperature, average temperature and≥10℃ accumulated temperature from the flowering stage to the maturity stage. The results of grey correlation analysis showed that the factors affecting sucrose content were average maximum temperature > average minimum temperature > average temperature > accumulated temperature. There was a significant negative correlation between sucrose content and oil content. The average sucrose content in the cold and warm areas differed by 3.915 %. The sucrose content of peanut is greatly affected by high temperature during the growth period. Low temperature is more conducive to the accumulation of sucrose content in peanut kernels. Reducing the oil content of peanut varieties may help to increase the sucrose content of peanuts. And seven germplasms with high sucrose content in different habitats were screened out.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Upland Cotton Germplasm at Seeds Germination Stage LUO Jing, DU Shanshan, SUN Huijian, YAO Qingqing, HE Zhongsheng, WANG Dongli 2025, 41 (3):  25-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0368 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1483KB )   ( 10 ) In order to understand the salt tolerance of different genotypes of upland cotton germplasm resources, this study subjected 40 samples to salt stress using NaCl solutions with concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mmol/L, and measured relevant indicators during the seed germination period. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the salt tolerance of seeds during germination. The results showed that (1) under the stress of high concentration NaCl solution, germination potential, germination rate, hypocotyl length, root length and fresh matter mass per plant all showed a downward trend. (2) Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and membership function comprehensive evaluation were performed on 30 materials with germination rate >50% at A4 concentration, four materials with strong salt tolerance were obtained, namely ‘Han 8266’, ‘Rihui Mian 6’, ‘Zhong R971708’ and ‘Kuaiyu 2’. (3) Through cluster analysis, at the Euclidean distance of 5, the 30 materials could be divided into 3 categories. There were 1 salt-tolerant material in Category I, 18 moderately salt-tolerant materials in Category II, and 11 salt-sensitive materials in Category III.

  Research Progress on Edible Dock LIU Wei, CAI Weijia, WANG Hao, LUO Guijie, LIU Xu 2025, 41 (3):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0622 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1081KB )   ( 10 ) In this paper, the research status of edible dock was briefly described from the aspects of nutritional value, safety, extraction technology of protein and active substances, food and health products, feeding, soil improvement and cultivation technology, etc. It was analyzed that the values of nutrition, health care, food use, feeding use and soil improvement of edible dock were high, but people’s recognition of leaf-eating grass was low, the related basic and applied technology research was still in the initial stage, and the development of the industry was slow. Three suggestions were put forward to promote the research and industrial development of edible dock, to improve people’s recognition of edible dock through propaganda and production of high-value products of edible dock; accelerate the research on the introduction and cultivation of edible dock, and promote intensive and large-scale planting; strengthen the research on the basic and applied technology of edible dock in animal husbandry and soil improvement.

  Quantitative Evaluation on Stem Cutting Effectiveness of Medicinal Tea Chrysanthemum TANG Guimei, HUANG Guolin, ZHAO Fan, LIU Yang, ZHANG Li, LI Weidong, XIAO Xiaoling 2025, 41 (3):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0176 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 42 ) This study aims to utilize comprehensive indicators to evaluate the rooting effect of chrysanthemum used in medicinal tea through cuttings. This approach seeks to overcome the limitations of using a single or a limited number of indicators, which may lead to subjective and one-sided evaluations. The ultimate goal is identifying chrysanthemum varieties with superior rooting effects for medicinal tea production. The quantitative evaluation of the rooting performance of different chrysanthemum varieties used for medicinal tea through cutting propagation is conducted in this study. Eight indicators, including root number, root length, longest root length, root diameter, maximum root diameter, plant height, canopy width, and survival rate, were measured after 30 days of cutting propagation. The rooting situation of the eight chrysanthemum varieties was quantitatively assessed using principal component analysis, subordination function method, and cluster analysis. The cutting propagation performance of the chrysanthemum varieties was ranked by transforming the eight individual indicators into five independent comprehensive indicators through principal component analysis and calculating comprehensive indicator values using the subordination function method. The results of grafting eight chrysanthemum varieties in descending order of effectiveness were ‘Huaibingju’, ‘Hangbaiju’, ‘Baigongju’, ‘Boju’, ‘Chuju’, ‘Jinsihuangju’, ‘Wuyuanhuangju’ and ‘Huanggongju’. Using the comprehensive evaluation value of eight medicinal tea chrysanthemum varieties as the index for cluster analysis, the results indicated that these varieties could be categorized into three groups based on their grafting effects: best, moderate, and poor. Specifically, ‘Huaibingju’, ‘Hangbaiju’ and ‘Baigongju’ exhibited the best grafting effects, while ‘Boju’, ‘Chuju’, ‘Jinsihuangju’ and ‘Wuyuanhuangju’ showed moderate effects, and ‘Huanggongju’ had the poorest grafting effect.

  Research on Status of Cotton Straw Crushing and Decomposition in Xinjiang Region ZHANG Jian, ZHOU Ling 2025, 41 (3):  48-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0214 Abstract + ( 108 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1638KB )   ( 15 ) In order to understand the current situation of cotton stalks crushing and returning to the field for decomposition in Xinjiang, we took the returned cotton stalks and soil as the research objects to investigate the effect of cotton stalks returning to the field on the nutrient content of the soil in the soil layer of 0-30 cm. Soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm in Tumushuke, Korla, Kuitun and Shihezi areas by field research method and five-point sampling method. The crushed length of cotton stalks in the field was 17%-18% at <10 cm, about 60% at 10-20 cm, and about 25% at >20 cm; the distribution of the length of cotton stalks in the depth of soil layer from 0 to 30 cm was 52% at <10 cm, 35% at 10-20 cm, and 13% at >20 cm; soil samples collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm of cotton fields were analyzed. The results showed that the soil moisture content of cotton fields in Tumushuke and Korla was 10%-18%, the organic matter was about 20 g/kg, and the quick-acting potassium was about 200 mg/kg; and that of cotton fields in Kuitun and Shihezi was 16%-20%, the organic matter was about 30 g/kg, and the quick-acting potassium was about 300 mg/kg. The highest quick-acting phosphorus was 181.44 mg/kg in Kuitun site and the lowest was 7.34 mg/kg in Korla, showing that the mean nutrient value in the southern border area was lower than that in the northern border. There are differences in the effects of returning cotton stalks to the field on soil properties in various regions, and these differences are not only affected by natural environmental factors, but also closely related to different grain sizes of cotton stalks, different burial depths and other factors. Cotton stalks crushed and returned to the field need to be adapted to local conditions, scientific return to the field.

  Analysis of Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Diversity Between Root Rot Diseased and Healthy Polygonatum cyrtonema Plants Under Different Cultivation Modes GE Xiumei, LI Fang, WAN Xiaoting, HAN Bangxing, CHEN Cunwu 2025, 41 (3):  59-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0493 Abstract + ( 156 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2819KB )   ( 800 ) The changes of community structure and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot diseased Polygonatum cyrtonema under varied cultivation modes were studied to provide theoretical support for the rational cultivation of P. cyrtonema and the targeted improvement of soil microbial community. Based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, the Paired-end was used to systematically analyze the changes of community structure and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and root rot diseased P. cyrtonema that planted in the field and understory. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased plants under different cultivation patterns. Compared with the field cultivation, the rhizosphere soil fungal amount and the relative abundance of Ascomycota (except 4a diseased samples) were significantly increased in understory cultivation, while the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Fusarium genera (except 4a diseased samples) were significantly decreased. Except for the 2a healthy plants, the rhizosphere soil fungal diversity of P. cyrtonema planted in understory was significantly higher than that in field. Among them, the Ace index and Chao1 index of the 2a diseased plants, 4a healthy plants and 4a diseased plants in the understory cultivation were 9.09%, 20.95%, 24.22% and 24.36%, 12.19% and 12.27% higher than those in field, respectively. Compared with healthy plants, the rhizosphere soil fungal amount of 2a diseased plants in field and 4a diseased plants in understory were significantly reduced, but the relative abundance of Fusarium genera in the rhizosphere soil of 4a diseased plants was significantly increased. There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity index between healthy and diseased P. cyrtonema under different cultivation modes (P>0.05). In conclusion, there were large differences in the rhizosphere soil fungal community structure and fungal diversity between healthy and diseased P. cyrtonema plants under different cultivation modes, and the relative abundance of harmful fungal genera, such as Fusarium in the rhizosphere soil, was one of the important reasons for the occurrence of P. cyrtonema root rot.

  Effects of Different Stumping Treatments on Ecological Physiology and Soil Moisture Content of Underground Part of Salix psammophila LIU Qingchao, GUO Yuefeng, QI Wei, SU Wanfa 2025, 41 (3):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0442 Abstract + ( 45 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1369KB )   ( 16 ) To study the effects of different stumping treatments on the ecological and physiological characteristics and soil moisture content of the underground part of Salix psammophila in the western Ordos area of Inner Mongolia, the total root length, total volume, total surface area, root activity, proline, soluble sugar and soil moisture content of Salix psammophila under different stumping treatments were studied, and the optimal stubble mode was selected by using the comprehensive analysis method of membership function. The results showed that the 0 cm stubble treatment exhibited the best performance in terms of fine root physiological and ecological characteristics, as well as soil moisture content. The mean values in vertical (horizontal) direction were: fine root vitality 53.70 mg/(g·h), proline 20.26 μg/g, soluble sugar 59.89 mg/g, total root length 443.52 cm (407.49 cm), total volume 1.11 cm3 (0.86 cm3), and total surface area 115.25 cm2 (108.98 cm2); the soil moisture content was 4.95% on average. This study provides important theoretical and scientific bases for vegetation restoration and ecological environment construction in similar desert environments.

  Analysis of Evolution of Climate Factors and Wheat Regional Experimental Variety Traits in Xuzhou Region from 2004 to 2022 LIU Liwei, LIU Jing, WANG Jing, YI Yuan, ZHU Xuecheng, ZHANG Na, ZHANG Huiyun, MA Hongbo, LIU Dongtao, FENG Guohua 2025, 41 (3):  76-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0056 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1154KB )   ( 19 ) The study aimed to provide theoretical support for identifying the growth characteristics of new wheat strains in Huaibei District, Jiangsu Province, and for new varieties breeding direction and green high-efficiency and high-yield cultivation technology measures in Xuzhou and the same ecological area. Multiple agronomic character data and meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation and light during wheat growth period of 335 new wheat lines in Huaibei wheat regional experiment in Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2022 were used to analyze the evolution law and their correlation in the past 20 years. The results showed that during the wheat growing period, the total precipitation increased by 2.1451 mm per year, and the total sunshine duration decreased by 5.5074 h per year. In January, February and March, the overall temperature rise was obvious, the overwintering period of wheat was gradually shortened, and the regreen jointing period was advanced. The proportion of increased wheat varieties in the test was fluctuating, but the overall trend was rising. The basic seedlings, maximum tiller, plant height, volume weight, number of ears and grain yield showed an increasing trend, the growth period was slightly shortened; the 1000-grain weight and grans per spike were basically flat, but slightly decreased. The coefficient of variation was the smallest in the growth period (2.71%). The highest number of tillers per hectare was 19.86%. The coefficient of variation of growth period, bulk weight and plant height was less than 10%, and the coefficient of variation of other traits was more than 10%. The results of comparison between the top 10 and the bottom 10 showed that wheat lines with more than 6.2 million panicle number, more than 35 grains per spike, more than 43g 1000-grain weight and more stable agronomic traits were more likely to obtain high yield. The correlation analysis results showed that the three factors of yield were positively correlated with yield, while the effective panicle number was negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight and the number of grains per panicle. Cultivating new varieties with three factors of yield synergistic improvement and matching cultivation measures to cope with climate change is an important way to achieve high and stable yield of wheat in Xuzhou and the same ecological area.

  Key Temperatures and Service Focus of Frost During Apple Pear Florescence in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia LI Shuqi, LIU Bo, BAO Jiajing 2025, 41 (3):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0516 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1189KB )   ( 14 ) To improve the frost index system in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, and explore the key frost temperatures of apple pear florescence, to help orchard worker to avoid the impact of frost hazard, and harvest early. 9 groups of frost cooling process were simulated by using the MSX-2F artificial frost box system. The freezing rate of flowers was calculated, and the super cooling points and freezing points were determined. Considering the stress resistance of apple pear trees, the authors summarized the key meteorological services for frost of apple pear florescence in Hetao Irrigation District. The results showed that: the key frost temperatures for the flower buds concentrated in the range of -6.1 to -9.0℃, the key frost temperatures for the flowers concentrated in the range of -5.1 to -8.0℃; with the developmental of flowers, the super cooling points and freezing points increased, which meant that cold resistance decreased. The apple pear florescence freezing rate was related with low temperature intensity, and more importantly, with duration of low temperature. The lower the temperature, or the longer the duration, the higher the frost rate. This paper determined the key temperatures of apple pear florescence during frost process in Hetao Irrigation District, and summarized the key points of meteorological services.

  Analysis of Growth Meteorological Conditions and Main Meteorological Disasters of Korla Fragrant Pear HU Qirui, JI Chunrong, GAO Jian 2025, 41 (3):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0546 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1217KB )   ( 80 ) The aims are to reveal the characteristics of agro-meteorological climate resource and main meteorological disasters during the growth of Korla Fragrant Pear, and to provide scientific advice to adapt to climate change. The characteristics of climate change during the growth period of Korla Fragrant Pear and meteorological disasters were analyzed by Mann-Kendall mutation detection, climatic tendency rate and correlation test, based on the observation data of Korla Meteorological Stations from 1981 to 2021. The results showed that the average temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and sunshine hours showed significantly increasing trend during the growing period of Korla Fragrant Pear. Precipitation showed a weak decreasing tendency. The number of gale days showed an obvious decreasing tendency, but it fluctuated greatly. Over the past 40 years, the germination and flowering period of Korla Fragrant Pear shifted to an earlier date, the fruit maturity and total growth period was prolonged. Abundant solar heat resource was conducive to the formation of yield and good quality of Korla Fragrant Pear, under climate change. Gale and hail were the main meteorological disasters during the growth of Korla Fragrant Pear. The research results provide a basis for the scientific use of climate resources and disaster prevention and mitigation.

  The Impact of Climate Warming on Growth, Development, and Yield of Winter Wheat in Northern Henan Province-Taking Qinyang City as an Example ZHANG Xingang 2025, 41 (3):  98-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0264 Abstract + ( 46 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 82 ) Climatic factors are the main factors affecting crop growth and development, and have a significant impact on crop growth, yield, and quality. In order to explore the characteristics of climate factor changes in northern Henan and their impact on winter wheat production, this study used agrometeorological observation data of winter wheat from 1984 to 2022 in Qinyang County, Henan Province, combined with meteorological observation data from the same period, and used methods such as linear tendency estimation, Mann Kendall test, HP filtering, and correlation analysis to study the quantitative impact of climate factor changes and climate yield during the growth period of winter wheat. The results showed that from 1984 to 2022, the temperature during the growth period of winter wheat showed a significant fluctuation and upward trend, with a climate tendency rate of 0.35℃/10a (P<0.05). There were obvious seasonal changes in temperature during the growth period, and a sudden change in temperature occurred in 1994. In the past 39 years, the accumulated temperature at ≥0℃ had increased, with a climate tendency rate of 53.5℃/10a (P>0.05), and the mutation points were in 2010 and 2021. The precipitation and sunshine hours during the growth period showed a fluctuating decreasing trend, with the linear tendency rates of 13.4 mm/10a (P>0.05) and -43.0 h/10a, respectively. Affected by climate change, the duration of winter wheat growth season was significantly shortened, and the yield was greatly affected by climate factors. Within a certain temperature range, the climate yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of temperature. For every 1℃ increase in temperature, the climate yield increased by 14.53 g/m2. The suitable threshold for accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ during the growth period was 2281℃. There are differences in the impact of climate factors on the climate yield of winter wheat in different growth periods. The sunshine hours from tillering to over wintering, booting to heading, booting to heading temperature, heading to flowering, and precipitation throughout the entire growth period are key factors affecting winter wheat yield. This study can provide important references for regional winter wheat response to climate change and agricultural scientific decision-making.

  Ligustrum Virus A Isolates from Syringa lindl: Identification and Whole Genome Sequence Analysis WANG Yunxuan, LIU Li, SUN Chunhui, LU Shuhao, LIANG Yuqing, CUI Wenli, GAO Jiayi, LI Yongqiang 2025, 41 (3):  107-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0125 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 10 ) To identify and characterize the candidate viruses infecting Beijing lilac (Syringa lindl) associated with the symptoms of leaf chlorosis, mosaic and leaf curling, small RNA deep sequencing and RT-PCR were conducted with the diseased leaf samples. Ligustrum virus A (LVA) was detected and the complete genome sequences of two isolates were obtained. The Beijing lilac isolate LVA-NXY is 8488 nt in length, while the isolate LVA-HLG is 8478 nt. Sequence similarity analysis showed that LVA-NXY and LVA-HLG were most similar to the LVA-DBLQ isolate from Forsythia suspensa in Shenyang, China. No recombination events were detected among the seven reported LVA isolates. The phylogenetic tree based on the genome sequences indicated that LVA-NXY and LVA-HLG clustered together with LVA-DBLQ and the Syringa vulgaris isolate LVA-DX in the same branch, showing a close phylogenetic relationship. This study reports the complete genome sequence of ligustrum virus A infecting Beijing lilac and explores the molecular characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the virus which provides a theoretical basis for the study of genetic variation and the control of lilac virus disease.

  Transcriptome Analysis of Sugar Beet Seed Germination Response Under Drought Stress YUE Kaixin, WANG Jiaqi, LIU Naixin 2025, 41 (3):  114-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0424 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2823KB )   ( 18 ) The aim of this study was to screen out important regulatory genes in sugar beet in response to drought stress, and to provide reference for the selection and breeding of drought-resistant sugar beet varieties in China. The transcriptome of sugar beet ‘KWS2314’ seeds was sequenced at three stages of the germination process. Key gene modules were measured by WGCNA analysis. GO analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed changes in the molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes of the differential genes in response to drought stress in plants. The highest number of catalytically active genes for molecular functions, cellular genes for cellular composition and genes for metabolic processes for biological processes were found in the comparison of CK0-vs-T1, CK0-vs-T2, CK1-vsT1 and CK1-vsT2. In KEGG enrichment analyses, significant enrichment was found for pathways between CK0, CK1, CK2 in the control group and T1, T2 in the treatment group. The two pathways with the highest frequencies were the metabolic pathway and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathway, suggesting that the metabolism of glucose, fats, and proteins was closely linked to drought. This work elucidated the molecular mechanism of sugar beet seed germination under water deficit environment, and laid a theoretical basis for plant drought resistance research.

  Molecular Identification, Biological Characteristics and Domestication of A Wild Strain of Peniophora incarnata RAO Yongbin, ZHANG Junli 2025, 41 (3):  123-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0003 Abstract + ( 41 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2167KB )   ( 36 ) In order to develop the utilization of wild edible mushroom resources in Tibet, this study isolated and identified a strain coded X21108 collected from Zhamu Town, Bomê County, Tibet. Based on ITS sequence analysis and the construction of a phylogenetic tree using the maximum likelihood method, the strain was identified as Peniophora incarnata. The mycelial growth rate was used as an indicator to investigate the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, and temperature for the strain in order to study its biological characteristics. The results indicated that in terms of biological characteristics the optimal carbon source for the mycelial growth of this strain was sucrose, under which the mycelial growth rate reached 6.93 ± 0.38 mm/d; using ammonium nitrate as the nitrogen source, the mycelial growth rate of Peniophora incarnata was the fastest, reaching 7.35 ± 0.22 mm/d; the optimal pH and temperature were 5.0 and 25℃, with the mycelial growth rates being 6.05±0.42 mm/d and 8.22 ± 0.54 mm/d, respectively. The results of biological characteristics showed that Peniophora incarnata X21108 was a medium-temperature strain with acidic growth environment. In terms of domestication, the formation of primordia was formed after 10 days of cultivation on a substrate consisting of coarse wood chips (40%), fine wood chips (20%), cottonseed hulls (20%), wheat bran (18%), lime (1%), and sucrose (1%), and mushrooms could be harvested after 50 days, resulting in the formation of Peniophora incarnata fruiting bodies. In summary, this study on the molecular identification, biological characteristics, and domestication cultivation of wild mushroom resources in Tibet had important practical significance for the development and utilization of wild edible mushroom resources.

  Contaminated Microorganisms in Plant Tissue Culture: Isolation and Identification and Fungicides Screening HAN Yao, YANG Xiaoyan, XIE Shuzhang 2025, 41 (3):  131-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0298 Abstract + ( 42 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1657KB )   ( 6 ) This research aims to identify the types of common contaminating bacteria during plant tissue culture, evaluate the antibacterial effect of bacteriostatic agents on contaminating bacteria, and screen out effective bacteriostatic agents. Taking six bacterial strains of common contaminants in tissue culture room as test materials, they were isolated and purified first, and then were classified and identified through 16S rDNA or ITS sequence homology analysis combined with phylogenetic tree analysis. The antibacterial effects of 5 antibacterial agents on 3 kinds of bacteria were evaluated by the inhibition zone method. The antibacterial effects of 5 antibacterial agents on 3 kinds of fungi were evaluated by the growth rate method. The results showed that Microbacterium paraoxydans, Acinetobacter radioresistens, and Sphingomonas yabuuchiaes were three contaminating bacteria, while Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium endophyticum, Aspergillus sydowii were three contaminating fungi. The bacteriostatic test results showed that 0.5 g/L 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and 0.5 g/L enyl·mangano-zinc had good inhibitory effect on all the 6 tested bacteria; 0.5 mL/L isothiazolinone had good inhibitory effect on Acinetobacter radioresistens XJ-2, Sphingomonas yabuuchiaes XJ-3, Cladosporium endophyticum ZJ-2, Aspergillus sydowii ZJ-3, and Aspergillus versicolor ZJ-1. 0.05 g/L procymidone-thiram could effectively inhibit the growth of the three fungi, and 0.5 g/L procymidone-thiram had inhibitory effect on Microbacterium paraoxydans XJ-1 and Sphingomonas yabuuchiaes XJ-3. Bronopol had almost no inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, while 0.5 g/L bronopol had a certain inhibitory effect on fungi. To sum up, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, enoyl·manganese zinc and isothiazolinone show strong and broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, and have good application prospects as bacteriostatic agents in controlling plant tissue culture contamination.

  Establishment of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of Venturia inaequalis WANG Hua, YU Hailong, REN Yuzhong 2025, 41 (3):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0132 Abstract + ( 46 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 11 ) Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis Cook (Wint.) is one of the important apple diseases worldwide, which seriously affects the growth, yield, and fruit quality of apple trees. In order to establish a simple, fast, and sensitive molecular detection method for apple scab, a strain of apple scab (V. inaequalis) isolated and identified from the Yili River Valley in Xinjiang was used as the test material. Based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology, specific primers were designed and screened using the nucleic acid sequence of the ribosome transcription spacer (ITS) region of the pathogen as the target. A LAMP detection system for apple scab was established, and its specificity and sensitivity were verified. The results showed that among the 10 designed primers, the Venin7 primer could specifically identify apple scab from 4 apple diseases and 1 rust disease, and the detection stability was good; the LAMP detection system had good detection performance for apple scab at amplification temperatures of 55℃-70℃ and within 60-90 minutes; the sensitivity of detecting apple scab was 1 pg/μL, which was more than 103 times higher than that of using specific primers for PCR detection. The LAMP detection technology established in this study can quickly and sensitively detect and monitor apple scab.

  Effect of Sublethal Concentration of Martine on Fertility of Myzus persicae PAN Xiali, WANG Qi, HUO Kaiyue, WANG Yibo, GUO Jin, HU Shaojing, ZHANG Lixiang 2025, 41 (3):  145-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0494 Abstract + ( 43 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1149KB )   ( 15 ) To understand the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide martine on the fertility of peach aphids, this experiment evaluated the effects of martine toxicity and sublethal doses (LC10, LC20, LC30, LC50 and LC70) on adult aphids of Myzus persicae. The results showed that the LC50 of martine against Myzus persicae was 9.66 mg/L, and the LC10, LC20, LC30 and LC70 against Myzus persicae were 0.17, 0.69, 1.86, 50.16 mg/L, respectively. The sublethal concentration of martine can significantly reduce the fertility, longevity, and survival rate of adult Myzus persicae. The life span of adult Myzus persicae in LC10, LC20, LC30, LC50 and LC70 treatment groups was shortened by 0.9, 1.4, 1.9, 3.1 and 4.1 d, respectively. The limiting growth rate (λ), net value-added rate (R0), average generation period (T), total fertility (GRR), and intrinsic growth rate (rm) of Myzus persicae in sublethal concentration treatment groups were lower than those in the control group. It is concluded that the sublethal concentration of martine has a lethal effect on the growth of Myzus persicae population.

  Degradation Behavior and Safety Evaluation of Pyraclostrobin in Three Minor Crops WANG Siwei, WANG Xiaonan, LIU Yanping 2025, 41 (3):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0085 Abstract + ( 43 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1228KB )   ( 1 ) To scientifically evaluate the safety of pyraclostrobin on three minor crops (wampee, guava, and pitaya), one-year residual field trials in four sites were conducted on pyraclostrobin 30% suspension concentrate (SC) based on guidelines for field trials of pesticide residues in crop. The dissipation dynamics, final residues, and dietary risk assessment of pyrclostrobin SC on wampee, guava, and pitaya were carried out based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC- MS/MS). The sample was extracted with acetonitrile (ACN), purified by PSA, and determined by UPLC- MS/MS. The results showed that when the spiked levels of wampee whole fruit, wampee pulp, guava, pitaya whole fruit and pitaya pulp was from 0.01 to 5.0 mg/kg, the recovery ranged from 104% to 107%, 80% to 96%, 93% to 100%, 83% to 91%, and 90% to 107%, with the relative standard deviation ranging from 0.9% to 3.8%, 2.7% to 5.3%, 3.0% to 10.7%, 1.1% to 4.3%, 2.2% to 6.3%, respectively. The limits of quantification were all 0.01 mg/kg. The initial concentration of pyraclostrobin in wampee, guava, and pitaya was from 2.8 to 4.8, 0.36 to 1.0, 0.48 to 1.40 mg/kg, and the half-lives ranged from 8.8 to 11.4 d, 5.6 to 13.9 d, 3.0 to 3.8 d, respectively, when pyraclostrobin 30% SC was applied at the dosage of 250 mg/kg, thrice. The finial residues in whole wampee and pulp, guava, whole pitaya and pulp was from 0.24 to 2.8, 0.016 to 0.73, 0.20 to 0.46, 0.12 to 3.6, <0.010 to 0.072 mg/kg, when the pre-harvest intervals was 7 and 10 days in wampee and guava, 5 and 7 days in pitaya, respectively. The dietary risk assessment showed there was no unacceptable risk to the health of the general population, when the risk quotient (RQ) of pyraclostrobin was 77.0%. The research results provided support and reference for scientific and rational use of pyraclostrobin 30% SC on three minor crops, and establishing their maximum residue limit (MRL) values.

  Effects of Two Rhizosphere Promoting Bacteria on Nutritional Quality of Rice XIANG Weiwei, WANG Yusi, PENG Jun, WANG Jianwu, CHEN Hua 2025, 41 (3):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0169 Abstract + ( 50 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1185KB )   ( 22 ) This study aims to investigate the effects of Kocuria rosea SDB9 and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans SDB5 on the nutritional quality of rice. Using rice as the experimental material, the seeds were soaked with SDB9, SDB5, and a 1:1 mixture of both strains. The content of nine nutritional components in the rice grains was measured after harvest. The results were as follows. Compared to the control group (CK), the starch content in the experimental groups increased by only 1%, which was not statistically significant; crude protein content decreased by 3%-5%, also was not significant; crude fat content increased in all treatments, with a significant increase of 14.9% in the SDB9+5 treatment; soluble total sugar content decreased by 52.5%-58.3%, which was highly significant; reducing sugar content increased in all treatments except for a slight decrease of 0.6% in the SDB5 treatment, with a significant increase of 25.9% in the SDB9 treatment and an 8% increase in the SDB9+5 treatment, which was not significant; soluble protein content decreased in all treatments, with a significant decrease of 14.9% in the SDB9+5 treatment; cellulose content increased by 0.8%-0.9% in all treatments except for a slight decrease of 0.2% in the SDB9+5 treatment; vitamin C content decreased in all treatments, with a highly significant decrease of 64.5% in the SDB9 treatment and a significant decrease of 16.1% in the SDB5 treatment, while the SDB9+5 treatment showed a significant decrease of 35.5%; nitrate content decreased by 1%-12.8%, with no significant differences observed. In summary, treatment with SDB9 and SDB5 alone or in combination resulted in a slight increase in starch content and an approximate 8% decrease in crude protein content, improving rice palatability. The increase in crude fat and decrease in nitrate levels contributed positively to quality improvement. This indicates that Kocuria rosea SDB9 and Brevibacterium frigoritolerans SDB5 can improve the nutritional quality of rice to some extent. The evaluation of these two strains based on nutritional quality ranked them as follows: SDB9 > SDB9+5 > SDB5 > CK.