Abstract:

The study aims to screen suitable organic fertilizers to improve soil quality in ginger fields, enhance ginger yield and quality, and investigate their role in reducing heavy metal accumulation, so as to provide a scientific basis for establishing a sustainable ginger production system, improving agricultural productivity, and ensuring the safety of agricultural products and the environment. A field plot experiment was conducted at the base of the Wuyi Ginger Cooperative, using ginger (Zingiber officinale) as the test material. Four treatments were established: a control group (no organic fertilizer), silkworm excrement organic fertilizer (2200 kg/hm²), bio-organic fertilizer (2500 kg/hm²), and pig manure organic fertilizer (2500 kg/hm²). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. At the ginger maturity stage, we measured plant growth, quality parameters, soil nutrient content, enzyme activities, and heavy metal accumulation. The results showed that all applied organic fertilizers significantly improved soil nutrients, enzyme activities, ginger growth, yield, and quality. All organic fertilizers significantly enhanced soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and the growth, yield and quality of ginger. Among them, the bio-organic fertilizer had the best comprehensive effect. Compared with the control, it increased the tiller number, fresh weight, dry matter weight and yield of ginger by 6.07%, 10.13%, 17.87% and 20% respectively; meanwhile, it significantly increased the contents of vitamin C and polysaccharides by 26.08% and 18.45% respectively, but the content of soluble sugar decreased. In terms of soil improvement, bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased the soil organic matter content by 25.98%, the available phosphorus content by 57.24%, and the total nitrogen content by 18.63%. It also significantly enhanced the soil amylase activity by as much as 103.79%. Bio-organic fertilizer effectively passivated the content of heavy metals such as nickel, lead, and cadmium in the soil, reducing their levels by 9.52%, 13.41%, and 20% respectively. Ultimately, it significantly reduced the accumulation of nickel, lead, and cadmium in ginger by 46.08%, 13.79%, and 55.56% respectively. Bio-organic fertilizer can simultaneously achieve the improvement of ginger quality and yield, soil improvement, and the reduction of heavy metal accumulation in ginger, making it an ideal solution for addressing the problems of continuous cropping obstacles.

Key words: ginger, continuous cropping obstacle, organic fertilizer, quality, soil enzyme activity