Biological Effects and Transcriptome Analysis of Brassica rapa var. parachinensis Seed Irradiated by Carbon Ion Beam

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0534

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the biological effects of carbon ion beam irradiation on Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) of different maturity and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. Using seeds of the mid-maturing cultivar Br70 and the early-maturing cultivar Br49 as test materials, they were irradiated with carbon ion beams at doses ranging from 60 to 480 Gy, after which germination, growth, and photosynthesis-related indices were measured, and transcriptome data were analyzed to characterize the gene expression profiles. The results showed that low-dose irradiation (60 Gy) had a promotive effect on both cultivars, with the germination index and fresh weight of Br70 increasing significantly by 5.7% and 7.9%, respectively, compared to the control, while the dry weight of Br49 increased significantly by 16.2%. With increasing radiation dose, the germination rate, germination index, plant height, biomass, survival rate, and Fv/Fm values of both cultivars showed a clear declining trend, accompanied by increased data dispersion in photosynthetic indices and a higher abnormal seedling rate. Linear regression analysis of survival rate indicated that the semi-lethal doses for Br70 and Br49 were 807.2 Gy and 398.2 Gy, respectively, demonstrating higher radiation sensitivity in Br49. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes in the irradiated groups were primarily enriched in pathways related to detoxification, antioxidation, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study confirms that carbon ion beam irradiation exerts varying degrees of influence on the germination, growth, and photosynthesis of Chinese flowering cabbage, with early-maturing cultivars being more sensitive than mid-maturing ones, providing a theoretical basis for determining dose thresholds and selecting appropriate cultivars in radiation-induced mutation breeding of Chinese flowering cabbage.

Key words: carbon ion beam, Brassica rapa var. parachinensis, irradiation, biological effect, semi-lethal dose, cultivar sensitivity, transcriptome, differentially expressed genes

CLC Number:

S637.2

QI Mingwei, QIN Yishan, YAO Yingyun, LAI Zixin, LUO Shanwei, ZHOU Libin, LUO Wenlong. Biological Effects and Transcriptome Analysis of Brassica rapa var. parachinensis Seed Irradiated by Carbon Ion Beam[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(15): 54-64.

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

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