Abstract: Reviewed the domestic and foreign literatures about mathematical theories of agricultural machinery optimization, and summarized the relevant theories 3 categories, agricultural operations unit must complete their tasks in appropriate period; to consider natural climatic conditions and achieve better economic efficiency of agriculture; spend a minimum operating costs. Then analyzed the principle of typical methods, briefly described their development process, reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of each method in the practical application. Finally, described some applications of computer technology. Pointed out that with the scale expanding of agricultural management, farm machinery system optimization would play a greater role.