Abstract: In order to make clear the morphological difference of root vessel elements of six grape cultivars with different cold resistance, the cold resistance power of the root from 6 grape cultivars were studied after low temperature treatment and root segment culture. We used tissue segregation procedure and microphotography method to study the morphological difference of the root vessel elements. The results showed that the root vessels were different in type the size and slope for the end walls and tails; different cultivars of grape had different types of vessel elements, and the proportion of different types of vessel elements was also different; the proportion of long-length, big-inch, one tail or no tail, small-slope of both end walls vessel elements in cold-resistance cultivars significantly higher than non-cold resistance cultivars; the proportion of vessel element which was more than 450 μm in length owned a 4.9% to 13.6% higher for the cold resistance cultivars vessel elements than non-cold resistance cultivars; the proportion of the diameter of the vessel element which was less than 50.0 μm, was 12.4%-30.1% lower for the cold resistance cultivars vessel elements than non-cold resistance cultivars, but the proportion of vessel element diameter which was more than 100 μm owned a 25.0%-29.5% higher for cold resistance cultivars than non-cold resistance cultivars; the proportion of cold resistance cultivars vessel elements was 20%-27% lower than non-cold resistance’ in the range of end wall slope angle from 15° to 30°, but the proportion of cold resistance cultivars vessel elements was 0% for the slope angle more than 45°, while the non-cold resistance was 4%-5%; the proportion of cold resistance cultivars vessel elements owned a 18%-25% higher than non-cold resistance cultivar for the type of no tail in one wall, while the proportion of cold resistance cultivars vessel elements was 10%-13% lower than non-cold resistance cultivar for the type which both end walls had tails.