Abstract: In order to investigate soil nutrient conditions and provide basis for rational utilization of soil resource and guide scientific fertilization, soil nutrient was measured in representative fields in main grain area of Henan Province, and maize yield and agricultural production condition were investigated. The results showed that the conditions of surface soil nutrient were different. The average contents of soil organic matter, total N, available N, available P and available K were 16.05 mg/kg, 1.28 mg/kg, 64.79 mg/kg, 18.68 mg/kg and 109.18 mg/kg, respectively, in north Henan, they were 13.98 mg/kg, 1.54 mg/kg, 59.59 mg/kg, 18.96 mg/kg and 90.71 mg/kg, respectively, in central Henan, and were 13.25 mg/kg, 1.56 mg/kg, 50.56 mg/kg, 12.93 mg/kg and 100.39 mg/kg, respectively, in south Henan, the nutrient distribution was unbalanced. Soil bulk density of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30~40 cm soil layer were 1.34, 1.39, 1.50 and 1.52 g/cm³ respectively, which indicated that the soil was tight and inhibited root growth. Straw turnover should be popularized, the application of organic fertilizer should be highlighted, the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, the use of phosphorus fertilizer should be decreased and the use of potassium fertilizer should be increased, the application of compound fertilizer and slow/controlled release fertilizer should be promoted, deep ploughing was important before planting to break the plow sole, decrease soil bulk density and improve soil physical properties.