Abstract: Through the investigation of sweet potato production and consumption in recent years in Anhui, the authors analyzed the situation and problems in sweet potato production, and studied its development potential and countermeasures, aiming to provide reference for policy making. The results showed that sweet potato in Anhui Province was planted both in spring and summer, and there were 40 sweet potato varieties in production, including 17 main varieties. Among the 17 main varieties, starch processing varieties, edible type and intermediate type accounted for 53.0% , 35.0% and 12.0% , respectively. Moreover, 73.5% of the planted varieties were introduced from other provinces, and only 26.5% of these varieties were locally bred. Sweet potato in Anhui Province was mainly used for processing, supplemented by fresh food. The main existing problems were insufficient attention from the government, low mechanization level, slow variety upgrading, lack of special varieties, incomplete system for seedling breeding, serious disease, backward processing technologies, small scale of processors and low added value of products. Countermeasures were proposed such as breeding special new varieties, increasing the intensity of demonstration and popularization of science and technology, developing the mechanized production, jointing processing enterprises to develop new byproducts and improving the added value of sweet potato.