Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.18 Published:26 June 2018

  Winter Wheat: Correlation Analysis of 1000-grain Weight and Meteorological Factors 2018, 34 (18):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050084 Abstract + ( 1056 )   The paper aims to study the impact of meteorological factors on 1000-grain weight of winter wheat, and provide a basis for increasing wheat yield. Based on related meteorological and agricultural data of the Yaodu Meteorological Bureau of Linfen from 1981 to 2014, by mathematical statistics, linear fitting, multiple regression methods, and etc., we analyzed the correlation between 1000-grain weight of winter wheat in Linfen and various meteorological data. The results showed that: 1000- grain weight of winter wheat had a good correlation with the accumulated temperature, average temperature, precipitation, average lowest (highest) temperature and relative humidity of mid-May, except the correlation with the mean minimum temperature was significant at the 0.05 level, all the other correlations were significant at 0.01 level. The temperature was negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight, the precipitation and relative humidity were positively correlated with 1000- grain weight. We established a forecasting regression model of 1000- grain weight equation of winter wheat and carried out the fit test, the forecast bias was less than 20%. The study provides a basis for improving wheat cultivation management according to climate condition, and enhancing winter wheat yield forecast.

  Effect of Fertilization Level on Yield and Quality of Different Genotype Peanut Varieties on Shajiang Black Soil 2018, 34 (18):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050005 Abstract + ( 820 )   To provide technical support for peanut high-efficiency fertilization on shajiang black soil in main peanut production area in southern Henan, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertilization level on yield and quality of different genotype peanut varieties by split-plot randomized block design. The results showed that agronomic characters, economic characters and yield had significant difference among different peanut varieties; the yield of‘Yuanza 9102’,‘Yuanza 6’and‘Yuhua 22’was 5958.1, 5437.1 and 6008.6 kg/hm2, respectively, under conventional fertilization condition, increased by 18.4%, 14.9% and 13.7% compared with that of no fertilization; the oleic acid content, the ratio of oleic acid content and linoleic acid content in peanut kernel of‘Yuanza 9102’and‘Yuhua 22’were increased by fertilization, while these traits of ‘Yuanza 6’was reduced; crude fat content in peanut kernel and yield had significant difference among different peanut varieties,‘Yuanza 6’had the highest crude fat content and the lowest crude fat yield of 50.3% and 1873.3 kg/hm2;‘Yuhua 22’had the lowest crude fat and the highest crude fat yield of 48.6% and 1895.2 kg/hm2. Under the condition of N, P2O5, K2O application rates of 150, 90 and 150 kg/hm2, the pod yield and crude fat yield of‘Yuhua 22’were the highest, which was 6008.6 kg/hm2 and 2059.7 kg/hm2, respectively.

  Variety Identification and Yield Stability Analysis of New Peanut Varieties in Jiangsu Province 2018, 34 (18):  11-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050091 Abstract + ( 1030 )   To accurately and objectively evaluate the characteristics of new tested peanut varieties (lines) and promote the extension and application of new peanut varieties in Jiangsu Province, the yielding ability and yield stability of 12 tested peanut varieties from the groups of Huainan and Huaibei were identified by high stability coefficient method. Quality, resistance and the main agronomic characters were also investigated. The results showed that all the tested varieties had above moderate resistance to drought, flood, leaf spot and rust disease. In detail, in Huainan group,‘Ningtai 9922’had relatively high and stable yield, and‘Suhua 0537’ had deep-red seed coat, early maturity, wide adaptability and higher content of crude protein. In Huaibei group, the yields of‘Lian 1001’,‘Ganyu 10-6’,‘Donghua 9’and‘Xu 0627’were 4.7%-7.4% higher than that of‘Xuhua 13’(control) and had higher yield stability. Therefore, these varieties can be used for further demonstration and extension, and high stability coefficient is a feasible method in evaluating the high and stable production quality of peanut varieties (lines).

  Density Affecting Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Medium Maturity Spring Soybean 2018, 34 (18):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050035 Abstract + ( 872 )   The aim is to investigate the effect law of planting density on canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of medium maturity spring soybean under drip irrigation.‘Xindadou 27’and‘11-109’were used as the experiment materials, and three densities [18.0×104 (D1), 28.5×104 (D2), 36.0×104 (D3)/hm2] were set in the field experiment, and the canopy leaf area index (LAI ), chlorophyll content (SPAD ), net photosynthetic rate (Pn ), dry matter accumulation and yield were determined systematically under different treatments. The results showed that with the density increased from D1 to D2,LAI , dry matter accumulation and yield increased significantly; with the density increased from D2 to D3,LAI continued to increase, while dry matter and yield no longer increased. With the planting density increasing,SPAD andPn of leaves below the seventh joint position decreased significantly, and the podding position was raised. Besides, grain number per plant, grain number and economic coefficient also decreased significantly;‘Xindadou 27’was not sensitive to density change compared with‘11-109’onLAI , dry matter accumulation andPn . D2 was the suitable density for the two varieties (strains) of spring soybean, the grain yield of‘Xingdadou 27’was 5551.13 kg/hm2, which was 14.73% higher than that of‘11-109’. The responses of canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of super-high yield varieties to planting density were not as sensitive as those of high yield varieties.

  Production Situation and Development of Sweet Potato in Anhui 2018, 34 (18):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050067 Abstract + ( 1005 )   Through the investigation of sweet potato production and consumption in recent years in Anhui, the authors analyzed the situation and problems in sweet potato production, and studied its development potential and countermeasures, aiming to provide reference for policy making. The results showed that sweet potato in Anhui Province was planted both in spring and summer, and there were 40 sweet potato varieties in production, including 17 main varieties. Among the 17 main varieties, starch processing varieties, edible type and intermediate type accounted for 53.0% , 35.0% and 12.0% , respectively. Moreover, 73.5% of the planted varieties were introduced from other provinces, and only 26.5% of these varieties were locally bred. Sweet potato in Anhui Province was mainly used for processing, supplemented by fresh food. The main existing problems were insufficient attention from the government, low mechanization level, slow variety upgrading, lack of special varieties, incomplete system for seedling breeding, serious disease, backward processing technologies, small scale of processors and low added value of products. Countermeasures were proposed such as breeding special new varieties, increasing the intensity of demonstration and popularization of science and technology, developing the mechanized production, jointing processing enterprises to develop new byproducts and improving the added value of sweet potato.

  Effects of Salinity on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Leaf Anatomical Structure of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Cutting Seedlings 2018, 34 (18):  29-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050014 Abstract + ( 724 )   To study the effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics and cell structure of Robinia pseudoacacia L. cutting seedlings and explore the salt resistance photosynthetic characteristics of differentR. pseudoacacia varieties and the difference among varieties, twoR.pseudoacacia varieties’seedlings were taken as test materials, after NaCl treatment, the effects of NaCl stress on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristicsand leaf anatomical structure were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences of Fm value under different NaCl concentrations. ΦPS Ⅱ , ETR and qp gradually decreased with the NaCl concentration increase.NPQ sharply rose and showed a significant difference. With the NaCl concentration increase, CTR of‘Yuyin No.1’significantly increased and SR decreased compared with control, and the stomata opened. But the leaves of‘3-I’were wilted and deactivated, and the stomata closed. In general,‘3-I’ is greatly influenced by NaCl stress, while‘Yuyin No.1’has salt resistance and shows a strong adaptability under NaCl stress.

  Artificial Reproduction Techniques of Aralia elata: Research Progress 2018, 34 (18):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050012 Abstract + ( 609 )   Since 1980s, the artificial breeding and cultivation of Aralia elata has made some achievements at home and abroad. Starting from the breeding methods ofA. elata , the authors reviewed relevant literatures, summarized the research status of three major reproduction methods, including seed reproduction, root cutting reproduction and tissue culture reproduction, and pointed out the best scheme of artificial reproduction techniques ofA. elata. Meanwhile, the authors proposed further research directions: (1) to optimize parameters of the artificial reproduction technology and make the corresponding technical regulations; (2) to cultivate new stingless varieties ofA. elata , and solve problems of thorny, easy to grow old and inconvenient to harvest, so as to improve yield and quality; (3) to establish the asexual rapid reproduction technology system, speed up the seedling breeding of the new varieties, and realize production and application of the new varieties as soon as possible.

  Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2018, 34 (18):  43-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060078 Abstract + ( 498 )   To solve the problem of deficit soil organic matter in tobacco planting area and decreasing quality of flue-cured tobacco, with different kinds of organic fertilizers as experimental material, we adopted the method of field experiment to study the growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that: compared with local conventional compound fertilizer, 750 kg/hm2 oil cake organic fertilizer and 600 kg/hm2 straw organic fertilizer could promote the growth of tobacco, increase the yield and improve the coordination of tobacco leaves. Compared with conventional fertilization, the yield under the application of oil cake organic fertilizer was increased by 2.6%, the output value increased by 13.9%, and the average leaf area increased by 14.5%. Compared with conventional fertilization, the application of straw organic fertilizer increased the yield by 0.6%, increased the output value by 5.4% and the average leaf area by 36.6%. Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could increase the potassium content in tobacco leaf, reduced nicotine content, and improve the proportion of better than average tobacco leaves, thus to increase the tobacco output value.

  Effect of Seaweed Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Purple Rape 2018, 34 (18):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050020 Abstract + ( 599 )   Purple rape was used to study the effect of seaweed fertilizer on the morphological and physiological indexes. By applying different concentrations of seaweed fertilizer solution (400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400 times), the authors determined the morphological indexes (plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight and dry weight) and physiological indexes (chlorophyll, anthocyanin, soluble sugar, soluble protein, Vc and nitric nitrogen content) of purple rape. The results showed that the seaweed fertilizer was helpful in increasing the biomass of purple rape, and the highest biomass was observed in T3 (1200 times), under which the fresh weight was 1.5 times higher than that of control, and the root/shoot ratio was better than that of other treatments. Lower concentrations of seaweed fertilizer could increase plant height, and the plant height of T4 (1600 times) was 1.3 times higher than that of control. The values of water content, anthocyanin content, soluble protein content and Vc of T3 and T4 were the highest; the chlorophyll content of T4 (1600 times)- T6 (2400 times) was the highest. The nitrate nitrogen content was less than 1000 mg/kg in all treatments, and T6 had the lowest nitrate nitrogen content, and it decreased with the increase of dilution ratio of the fertilizer. The best quality of purple rape was observed in the dilution ratio of 1200-1600 times of seaweed fertilizer.

  Effects of Adding Vermicompost and Vermiculite into Mushroom Residue Substrate on Tomato Seedling Growth 2018, 34 (18):  54-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050029 Abstract + ( 617 )   The paper aims to study the influences of mushroom residue, vermicompost and vermiculite matrix product on tomato seedling growth. A plug seedling substrate for tomato was developed by using mushroom residue as main raw material, added with different ratios of vermicompost and vermiculite. Then, growth indexes of tomato seedlings were measured during seedling development. The results showed that, compared with the commercial substrate, the matrix of mushroom residue could obviously increase the chlorophyll content of tomato plants. The stem diameter, root length, root surface area, root volume of tomato seedlings cultivated in the substrate with mushroom residue, vermicompost and vermiculite at the volume ratio of 8:1:1 were significantly higher than those in commercial substrate (CK). Compared with CK, tomato seedlings in mushroom residue mixed with different ratios of vermicompost and vermiculite had no significant differences in stem and leaf fresh weight, shoot dry weight, total fresh weight, total dry weight and root/ shoot ratio. In short, mushroom residue can be used as an effective substrate to develop tomato seedlings, and mushroom residue added with vermiculite (8-4):1 is more conducive to the development and growth of tomato seedlings.

  Effects of Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Biluochun Tea Cultivated in Different Tea-fruit Intercropping Plantations 2018, 34 (18):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050039 Abstract + ( 2028 )   To clarify fertilization effects on yield and quality of Biluochun tea cultivated in different intercropping systems, and to provide theoretical and technical support for precision and formula fertilization of Dongting Biluochun tea in Suzhou, a field experiment was conducted to detect 100-bud weight and main nutritional quality of Biluochun tea under different nitrogen rates and the combination of chemical fertilizer with organic manure, taking the tea from 30-year-old pure tea plantations and loquat-tea intercropping in the east Dongting mountain as the sample. The results were as follows: under different rates of nitrogen fertilization, the 100-bud weight reached the heaviest when 450 kg/hm2 nitrogen was applied both in loquattea intercropping and pure tea plantations, with the increase of nitrogen application amount, the 100-bud weight no longer increased and decreased in pure tea garden; meanwhile, the 100-bud weight was the heaviest in loquat-tea intercropping when the ratio of organic to chemical fertilizer was 6:4. Under the same nitrogen rate, the contents of free amino acids, polyphenol and caffeine of Biluochun tea in loquat-tea intercropping were higher than those in pure tea plantation, free amino acids content was positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer rate. The combined application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer significantly increased the contents of free amino acids and caffeine in tea, and decreased the ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids. Furthermore, the amino acids were dramatically increased under such fertilization in loquat-tea intercropping. The caffeine content reached the highest under the treatment of rapeseed cake fertilization at the rate of 450 kg/hm2 both in pure tea plantations and tea- loquat intercropping, and increased by 41.9% and 51.7% respectively in comparison with inorganic nitrogen treatment at the same rate. It is concluded that tea intercropped with loquat and organic fertilization are of great importance to improve the nutritional quality of Biluochun tea, and the optimum nitrogen amount applied to the 30-year-old Biluochun tea plantation is 450 kg/hm2, thus appropriate proportion of organic and inorganic fertilizers can achieve both high yield and high quality of tea.

  Amaranthus tricolor: Effect of GA3 on Yield and Nutritional Quality and Its Residue Dynamic 2018, 34 (18):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040145 Abstract + ( 724 )   To study the effect of GA3 on yield and nutritional quality of Amaranthus tricolor and its residue dynamic, and provide a scientific basis for establishment of technical regulations for safe and effective use of GA3 in edible amaranth cultivation, GA3 was applied at high, middle and low levels (90, 60 and 30 g/hm2) when the edible amaranth had 5-6 leaves in summer of Guangzhou. The height, yield, vitamin C, protein, reducing sugar, soluble solids and crude fiber of edible amaranth in different stages were investigated. Effect of GA3 in different dosages on height, yield and nutritional quality of edible amaranth was discussed. Terminal residues and dissipation dynamic of GA3 were also evaluated. The height and yield of edible amaranth rose significantly under the middle dosage level of GA3. 3-10 d after spray, the average height and yield increased by 11.50% and 27.56% respectively, in comparison with control. The height increased by 10.59%, 13.33%, 12.71% as for pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 3, 5, 7 d respectively. The yield increased by 33.41%, 44.35%, 17.41% as for PHI of 5, 7, 10 d, respectively. As for PHI of 10 d with low and middle dosage level of GA3, the vitamin C content increased significantly by 67.44% and 44.50% respectively, while the protein content increased by 12.17% and 11.11%, respectively. No significant difference was observed on content of reducing sugar, soluble solids and crude fiber with PHI of 10 d at all three dosage levels of GA3 in comparison with control. The dissipation trend of GA3 in edible amaranth was fitted to a first order kinetics with half-life of 1.24 d. The terminal residues of GA3 in edible amaranth were 0.0012-0.0074 mg/kg with PHI of 5, 7, 10 d under the three application levels, which were far below 0.2 mg/kg, the maximum residue limit (MRL ) of GA3 in edible amaranth in Japan. GA3 was applied at the dosage of 60 g/hm2, when the edible amaranth had 5-6 leaves in summer of Guangzhou, the residue of GA3 was 0.002 mg/kg with PHI of 10 d. Compared with control, the plant yield, vitamin C content and protein content increased by 17.41% , 44.50% and 11.11% respectively. No significant difference was observed on the content of reducing sugar, soluble solids and crude fiber. It is suggested that theMRL of GA3 in edible amaranth from Japan Positive List can be applied in China.

  Extraction Process of Anthocyanins from Husk of Local-grown Rice Oryza Sativa L. Nanyangensis in Nanyang, Henan 2018, 34 (18):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050063 Abstract + ( 899 )   This investigation aims to obtain the optimal condition for extracting anthocyanins from husk of a local- grown rice subspecies Oryza Sativa L. Nanyangensis in Nanyang, Henan. After three consecutive extractions using 0.1mol/L HCI acidic ethanol, the absorbance value of anthocyanins were obtained by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 530nm, 620nm and 650nm, respectively, and the quantity was determined by Greey formula. Based on the quantities of anthocyanins in the extractions, singlefactor effect including alcohol concentration, temperature, incubation time and the ratio of husk to ethanol was evaluated. Then orthogonal experiments of four factors with three levels were designed and conducted to get the optimal condition for anthocyanins extraction. Orthogonal analysis revealed that the optimal condition was 60% ethanol, 9 h, 60℃ , and 1:20 ratio of husk to ethanol (w/v). Under the optimal condition, the yield of anthocyanins from 100g husk was 588.41mg. According to this, the predicted yield of anthocyanins is about 13 kg per hectare. So, O. Sativa L. Nanyangensis has an appreciable amount of anthocyanins in its husk. Therefore, this rice subspecies is of additional value, and is worthy to be popularized in more areas.

  Spatial Differentiation of Plant Species Diversity in Subalpine Meadows in Shanxi Province 2018, 34 (18):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020020 Abstract + ( 704 )   The paper aims to strengthen the effective protection and rational exploitation of subalpine meadows in Shanxi, and thus prevent their degradation. The authors took Wutai Mountain in the northern part, Lvliang Mountain in the middle part and Zhongtiao Mountain in the southern part of Shanxi as the study areas, and investigated the species diversity of subalpine meadow communities in horizontal and vertical directions to explore the variability of species diversity of subalpine meadows with longitude, latitude and altitude in Shanxi. The results showed that: (1) in the horizontal pattern, species diversity indices had a high value in medium longitude, together with low values in low and middle longitudes and latitudes, respectively; in addition, the Simpson index and Margalef index had significant differences with variations of latitudes and longitudes (P <0.05), however, the Pielou index had no significant difference with latitudes and longitudes (P >0.05), the Shannon index was significantly different with longitudes (P <0.05) and had no significant difference with latitudes (P >0.05); (2) in the vertical pattern, the Simpson index and Margalef index showed high and low values at middle and high altitudes, respectively (P <0.05), the Pielou index and Shannon index trended to decrease with altitudes (P >0.05). Therefore, the species diversity of subalpine meadows conforms to the pattern of“mid-domain effect”in the spatial differentiation in Shanxi.

  Walnut Shell-based Biochar: Preparation Process and Its Properties 2018, 34 (18):  84-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020046 Abstract + ( 671 )   The paper aims to optimize the preparation process of biochar and obtain biochar products with high performance and low cost. In this study, biochar was made from walnut shell. The authors studied the effects of the carbonization temperature, activator types, activation time, activation temperature and activator concentration on iodine value and methylene blue adsorption value, furthermore, compared the results after carbonization and activation. The results showed that the activator type was the main factor affecting the properties of biochar. The optimal preparation condition was taking phosphoric acid as activator, liquid-solid ratio of 2:1, activator concentration of 50%, activation temperature of 400℃, and activation time of 120 min. The products after activation have well-developed pore, high specific surface area and inta

  Cultivated Land Use Benefit in Hebei Province: Evaluation and Spatiotemporal Differentiation 2018, 34 (18):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090016 Abstract + ( 581 )   The authors evaluated the cultivated land use benefit of Hebei Province from four aspects, including economic benefit, social benefit, ecological benefit and comprehensive benefit. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the cultivated land use efficiency in different counties of Hebei from 2000 to 2008 were analyzed. The results showed that the economic and ecological benefits of cultivated land use in Hebei Province showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2008, while the social benefit showed a downward trend. The spatial difference of the cultivated land use efficiency was relatively large in the whole province, and the comprehensive benefit of cultivated land was relatively high in Chengde and Zhangjiakou. The research results have theoretical and practical reference values to the sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in Hebei.

  Growth Responses of three leafy vegetables and Its Accumulation Characteristics under the Cd Pollution 2018, 34 (18):  99-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040071 Abstract + ( 589 )   Leafy vegetables were susceptible by heavy metal cadmium pollution, a kind of leafy vegetables was chosen to adapt to the potential cadmium pollution area and could reduce ecological risks and improve food safety in this experiment. [Method]The effects of different cadmium pollution on the growth and development of three kinds of vegetables and their distribution in soil-vegetable system were studied by pot experiment. The tolerance and cumulative situation of cadmium to different vegetables was compared. [Result]The results indicated that: The pakchoi and lettuce showed higher plant height and fresh weight at lower Cd concentration. Under high Cd concentration, the biomass of two kinds of vegetables decreased rapidly with the increase of cadmium concentration. The resistance to cadmium stress of spinach was worst in three kind vegetables. With the increase of cadmium concentration, the growth of the spinach reduced and all of that were death at 50 mg/kg cadmium concentration. Cadmium stress stimulated the increase of chlorophyll content in pakchoi, and the same to lettuce under low concentration of cadmium stress, and there was no significant difference under high concentration for lettuce. The chlorophyll of spinach reduced with the increase of cadmium concentration. The order of Cd accumulation ability for root, stem and leaf of three kind vegetables was: pakchoi

  Effect of Different Ecological Restoration Measures on Active Organic Carbon in Purple Soil 2018, 34 (18):  107-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050078 Abstract + ( 496 )   Effects of different ecological restoration measures on total soil organic carbon (SOC) and active soil organic carbon are studied. The measures include reference forest (C0), forest-garden-grass+horizontal ditch (C1), arbor- shrub- grass + bamboo knot ditch (C2), Camellia oleifera + equal height grass strip (C3) and unrestored area (CK). The results showed that the SOC of C1 and C2 significantly increased by 51.87% and 52.90% compared with that of CK after ecological restoration, and reached 48.42% and 48.75% of that of C0. Microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon extracted by cold water and hot water under C1 and C2 increased by 49.91%-78.77%, 43.15%-91.11% and 28.17%-108.36% compared with those of CK, and they were 67.01%-89.47%, 35.65%-57.95% and 32.88%-39.21% of that of C0, while biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon extracted by cold water under C3 slightly decreased, soluble organic carbon extracted by hot water increased by 29.87%. There were extremely significant relationships between the SOC and different labile organic carbon components and among the components. The proportion of microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon extracted by cold water and hot water to the total organic carbon ranged from 1.91% to 4.73%, 0.76% to 2.49% and 4.11% to 8.16%, respectively.

  Effects of Biochar on Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Number and Soil Available P Content in Red Soil Tea Plantation 2018, 34 (18):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050011 Abstract + ( 688 )   To assess the effects of biochar application on the conversion of soil phosphorus and the numbers of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in acid red soil, a eight week PSB inoculation microcosm incubation experiment was performed using soil from tea plantation, and biochar adding treatment of 0%, 1% and 3% (w /w ) were conducted. The results showed that: the numbers of PSB decreased rapidly after inoculation, the application of biochar significantly increased the numbers of PSB in tea plantation, which was 10.5-15.25 times as much as that of control treatment. In addition, the application of biochar increased soil pH value,available P (Bray-P) content, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. Correlation analysis showed that: there were positive correlations between numbers of PSB and organic matter content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH value and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities; and a negative correlation between numbers of PSB and acid phosphatase enzyme activities. In summary, compared with control treatment, the application of biochar increased the numbers of PSB and activated soil P in red soil tea plantation.

  Soil Fertility Classification and Evaluation in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County 2018, 34 (18):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050066 Abstract + ( 812 )   To guide agricultural production in Yulong of Yunnan, the authors analyzed 216 soil samples from Yulong Naxi Autonomous County to study soil pH value and main fertility indexes. The results showed that the average soil pH value was 7.08, and the average content of soil total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available P, available K, slowly available K and soil organic matter was 1.83 g/kg, 134.67 mg/kg, 16.75 mg/kg, 139.10 mg/kg, 896.56 mg/kg and 17.12 g/kg, respectively. Soil pH value was mostly alkaline or neutral. Available P, total nitrogen and alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen were in general medium level, while organic matter, available K, and slowly available K were in high level. The variation degree followed an order of available P＞ total nitrogen＞ slowly available K＞ available K＞ organic matter＞ alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen. Therefore, the authors advised to control soil pH value, stabilize soil nitrogen and phosphorus, appropriately enrich organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer.

  N Application Affects Soil Organic Carbon and Enzyme Activities in Tibet Farmland Soil 2018, 34 (18):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020030 Abstract + ( 499 )   To explore the effects of different nitrogen application rates on soil organic carbon and enzyme activities in Lhasa farmland, a field experiment was conducted with five treatments (T1-T5): 0, 75, 150, 225 kg N /hm2, and 135 kg P2O5/hm2, respectively. The application rates of 225 kg N/hm2 and 135 kg P2O5/hm2 were considered as the suitable fertilization amounts. 0-20 cm soil samples were collected before and after harvest of highland barley, to determine the biochemical properties including total organic carbon, labile organic carbon, humus carbon and humic acid content, and sucrase, polyphenol oxidase and urease activities, respectively. The results showed that the total amount of soil organic carbon and the humification rate were low in Lhasa farmland, however, the proportion of active organic carbon was large. Short- term application of nitrogen fertilizer increased soil total organic carbon by raising soil active organic carbon and improved soil HA/FA, however, reduced soil humus carbon content. In the short term, the application of nitrogen fertilizer might increase the soil organic carbon content in local farmland, T4 can optimize the soil microenvironment, and improve soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon accumulation.

  Comprehensive Control at Shiyang River Basin: Impact on Main Meteorological Disasters 2018, 34 (18):  132-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050068 Abstract + ( 632 )   The paper aims to study the influence of ecological environment change at Shiyang river basin on main meteorological disasters, based on the number of days of main meteorological disasters recorded by 5 weather stations from 1987 to 2016 at Shiyang river basin, and using time series trend analysis and various statistical analysis method of the mutation detection. The results showed that: since the beginning of the comprehensive control at Shiyang river basin, the meteorological disasters had an obviously decreasing trend, and obvious differences from the three periods of the first 10 years, middle 10 years and last 10 years; the number of drought days increased for the beginning 20 years and reduced for the last 10 years; hail, gale, fly ash, sand blowing and sand storm all reduced evidently, especially for the gale and sand blowing; atmospheric dust fall also declined each year since 2010, and acid rain vanished since 2011. As the comprehensive control at Shiyang river basin continues, the groundwater depth has risen again, soil moisture has increased, vegetation coverage area has expanded, the ecological environment has obvious improvement and the meteorological disasters have decreased significantly.

  Weed in Tea Gardens: Occurrence, Damage, Controlling Status and Management Strategy 姚沁,,,,,,,,,余海游 and 2018, 34 (18):  138-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040009 Abstract + ( 653 )   The characteristics of weed composition, species types, and life form were analyzed in home and abroad. Meanwhile, the occurrence characteristics of weed about tea garden were concluded in the growth conditions, landform, seasons and climates. In present, the experience and measure of managing weed in tea garden was retrospect and summarized about controlling weed using agricultural technology, chemical welding, growing weeds using ecological measures and controlling weed using biological measures. A harmoniously ecosystem-targeted was constructed, the controlling strategy of weed in tea garden was generated by international “integrated weed management”, the technology system of controlling weed in tea garden by “cultivating green manure in ecosystem” and “controlling weed by agriculture technique” was innovatively raised in order to reduce the occurrence and damage of weed, ensure tea quality and security of ecological environment.

  Research Progress of Mitochondrial Genome of Crop 2018, 34 (18):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060068 Abstract + ( 567 )   To explore the current research progress of mitochondrial genomes of crops, this study concluded the present research status of 12 crop mitochondrial genomes published in NCBI from the aspects of gene composition, molecular structure and so on. Firstly, we summarized the differences of 12 crops in mitochondrial genome size, coding sequence ratio, intron and horizontal gene transfer among chloroplast, mitochondrion and nucleus. Secondly, we analyzed the hot issues of RNA editing, repeat sequence and recombination in the crop mitochondrial genomes. Finally, we discussed the analysis and progress of the association between crop mitochondrial genome and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS).

  Strategy Study of Grain Production in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River 王志强, and 2018, 34 (18):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050054 Abstract + ( 628 )   The middle area of the Yangtze River (Hunan, Jiangxi and Hubei) is one of China’s main grain production areas. Whether the food in this area is safe or not directly affects the food security of China. First, the paper analyzes the present situation of grain production in this area from the absolute and relative perspectives. The results show that, over the past 10 years, on the one hand, the total grain production in the region has been steadily increased with increasing planting area, and its growth is unsustainable. The planting structure has also been gradually changed in the area. The increase of the area of staple food (rice) is much larger than that of wheat and potatoes, especially the growth rate of beans. On the other hand, from the national perspective, the rate of starch production(rice) of the middle area of the Yangtze River accounting for the national proportion tend to decrease, while the rate of total food production has substantially increased. Secondly, the plight of grain production and development in this area are deeply analyzed, and six problems are pointed out such as Farmers’ (households’) lack of enthusiasm, weak infrastructure of the farmland water conservancy, the serious degeneration of the quality of cultivated land, low level of industrialization, the low overall level of agricultural science and technology and the structural defects of grain production. Finally, the strategic countermeasures for the development of grain production are put forward in order to provide reference for ensuring food security in this area.