Effects of Tea Saponin on Rumen Methanogens and Methane Emission in Dairy Cows

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080108

Abstract

Abstract: We aim to investigate the effect of tea saponin (TS) on the rumen methanogens and methane emission in dairy cows by in vitro fermentation and in vivo experiments. For the in vitro fermentation model, the 0.5 g total mixed ration (TMR) was used as the substrate, the concentration gradient of added TS was 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 g/L. For the in vivo experiment, 4 healthy Holstein dairy cows with permanent rumen fistula were fed with TMR containing 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 g/d TS, respectively. The experiment lasted for 4 periods (each period lasted for 20 days, including 7 days of pre-feeding and 14 days of test). The total number and population structure of methanogens in rumen were determined by collecting the rumen fluid and extracting the genomic DNA, and then calculating the gene copy number of methanogens and other strains. The results showed that the addition of TS had no significant effect on the total number of methanogens in the in vitro fermentation model (P>0.05), but it could significantly change the population structure of methanogens. The numbers of M. formicium and M. smithii significantly decreased (P<0.05), the number of M. stadtmanae significantly increased (P<0.05), and the number of M. ruminantium did not change significantly (P>0.05). In the in vitro fermentation model, compared with the control group, the high addition of TS (10 and 15 g/L) could significantly reduce the gas production (P<0.05) and the fermentation rate (P<0.01), decrease the number of protozoa (P<0.01), and inhibit methane emission (P<0.01). However, in the in vivo experiment, the above results were not significantly different (P>0.05). In conclusion, the in vitro experiment shows that the addition of TS in the diet cannot change the total number of methanogens, but can change the population structure of methanogens to a certain extent, reduce the number of protozoa, decrease the gas production, achieving the methane emission reduction. Whereas the in vivo experiment indicates that the addition of TS has no significant effect on rumen methanogens in dairy cows.

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