Abstract: Understanding the adaptability of soybean growth to climate change in cold area is of great significance for maintaining high and stable yield of soybean, ensuring domestic soybean supply and international trade order. Based on the daily meteorological data of 62 stations in Heilongjiang province from 1961 to 2016, the spatial-temporal characteristics and the periodic changes of climatic suitability of soybean in cold region at different growth stages were studied by spatial interpolation and wavelet analysis. The results showed that: from 1961 to 2016, there was a increasing trend of the temperature suitability during the whole growth period of soybean in cold region, the increase rate was 0.0075/10 a, but its interannual fluctuation was stable. The increase trend in zone Ⅳ with poor heat condition was the most significant. While the sunshine suitability showed a decreasing trend, the decrease rate was 0.0089/10 a, and its interannual fluctuation was relatively stable, the decreasing trend in zone Ⅱ was the most significant. The decreasing trend of water suitability was not significant, the decrease rate was 0.0004/10 a, but its interannual fluctuation was relatively violent, and the fluctuation in zone Ⅱwith poor water condition was the most intense. The decreasing trend of comprehensive climatic suitability was not significant, the decrease rate was 0.0004/10 a, and under the synergistic effect of light, temperature and water，its interannual fluctuation was generally stable. The spatio-temporal characteristic of comprehensive climatic suitability was similar to its of water suitability. The main period of the average climatic suitability of the whole province was 5a, and in each region was 5~7a.